Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Lythraceae

Amazonia is one of the most diverse biomes worldwide, and, as well as luxuriant forest, it includes mountain areas which, despite their small surface area, display fascinating endemism. In these regions, the specificity of edaphic factors is mirrored by a highly specialised, isolated flora adapted to survive adverse conditions. The Serra dos Carajás in the Brazilian state of Pará is one of world's largest iron ore reserves. Known locally as canga, this ironstone formation occupies an area of 115.9 km 2 , and supports campo rupestre of canga vegetation on outcrops that are mostly in the Floresta Nacional de Carajás (FLONA of Carajás) and Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos (PNCF). The recent publication of the Flora of the cangas of Carajás lists 856 species of seed plants and 186 species of ferns and lycophytes. This project assessed the canga endemic species growing in the region, and further expeditions guided by SDM were carried out in order to ascertain their distribution outisde the area. Departing from an initial list of 58 putative endemics, the final list comprises 38 species of vascular plants (c. 4% of the local flora). These are distributed in 31 genera and 22 families, including three monotypic genera: Carajasia (Rubiaceae), Monogereion and Parapiqueria (Asteraceae). From these, 24 are classified as Rare Species for Brazil and seven as Highly Restricted Endemic (EEO < 100 km 2). An illustrated account is provided, as well as further SDM to detect other possible areas of distribution based on the studied species. The knowledge generated is aimed at directing appropriate conservation plans for the area.

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“…, Lythraceae, 1 sp. (Cavalcanti et al, 2016), Melastomataceae, 3 spp. (Rocha et al, 2017), Orchidaceae, 2 spp.…”

Section: List Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edaphic Endemism in the Amazon: Vascular Plants of the canga of Carajás, Brazil

et al. 2019

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“…The Brazilian Lythraceae were treated or cited in the state floras of Santa Catarina (Lourteig 1969), Goiás e Tocantins (Cavalcanti et al 2001), São Paulo (Cavalcanti & Graham 2002), Acre (Daly & Silveira 2008), Alagoas (Lyra-Lemos et al 2010), Distrito Federal (Cavalcanti & Graham 2011), Pernambuco (Lima 2020) and Rio Grande do Sul (Facco et al 2022). They were also cited in several local floras such as Serra do Cipó/Minas Gerais (Cavalcanti 1990); Serra de Grão-Mogol/Minas Gerais (Cavalcanti 2004); Reserva Biológica de Guaribas/Paraíba (Nunes & Lima 2017); Reserva Ducke/Amazonas (Martins et al 1999); Mirandiba/ Pernambuco (Cavalcanti 2009); Serra dos Carajás/ Pará (Cavalcanti et al 2016) and Usina São José, Igarassu/Pernambuco (Lima et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lythraceae (order Myrtales) comprises 28 genera and 600 species with distribution on all continents except Antarctica, with the larget concentration of genera in Tropical America and Africa (Graham et al 2005;Cavalcanti et al 2016). The family is predominantly woody and traditionally recognized by opposite entire leaves, a persistent perigynous, campanulate to tubular floral tube (caducuous in Lafoensia) with crinkled petals, two whorls of stamens and, capsular fruit (Graham et al 2005;Cavalcanti et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flora of Ceará, Brazil: Lythraceae

Silva,

Souza,

Sampaio

et al. 2023

Rodriguésia

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This study aimed to carry out a floristic-taxonomic survey of the Lythraceae representatives, as part of the project “Flora do Ceará: knowing to conserve”. The data were obtained via the morphologicals analysis of samples collected in the field, and collections in herbaria as well as in specialized bibliographies. In the state of Ceará, Lythraceae is represented by 15 species belonging to four genera: Ammannia (2); Cuphea (9), Lafoensia (3) and Pleurophora (1). The species were recorded in different phytophysiognomies, but they occur preferentially in the Steppic Savanna (Caatinga and/or Carrasco), in the Dense Ombrophilous Forest (Wet Forest) and in the Vegetation Complex of the Coastal Zone (Dunes and Lowland Semideciduous Forests). The taxon with the highest number of records was Cuphea campestris, which ocurrs in 26 municipalities. Eight species were recorded in ten conservation units in Ceará. Four species are endemic to the northeastern region: Cuphea campestris, C. laricoides, C. loefgrenii and Lafoensia glyptocarpa. Lafoensia glyptocarpa and L. pacari are new records for Ceará. The identification key, morphological descriptions, comments on distribution, ecology, phenology, uses, maps, and species illustrations are presented.

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“…Since the 1980s, several sectional revisions have been conducted (e.g., Lourteig 1986;Graham 1988Graham , 2017Graham , 2019Graham & Cavalcanti 2013). In parallel, several regional studies involving Cuphea have been developed in Brazil (e.g., Lourteig 1969;Cavalcanti 1990Cavalcanti , 2004Cavalcanti et al 2001Cavalcanti et al , 2016Cavalcanti & Graham 2002. Both the revisions and the regional studies supply the "Flora do Brasil 2020" project (currently "Flora e Funga do Brasil") (Cavalcanti et al 2022b) and are part of the collaborative work to build a new monograph of the genus that incorporates morphological and molecular information, and that will substantially modify the infrageneric classification of Cuphea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cuphea (Lythraceae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2022

Self Cite

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The present work aims to provide a discussed floristic treatment for Cuphea (Lythraceae) from the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Morphological, ecological and geographic distribution data were obtained through the revision of several herbaria and from collection expeditions. A morphological analysis of the seeds under scanning electron microscopy and a preliminary assessment of the conservation status of the species were included. As a result, 12 native species and one variety were recorded for Rio Grande do Sul, often found in wet to dry grasslands of the Pampa biome. Cuphea campylocentra, C. linifolia and C. lysimachioides were preliminarily classified as threatened according to the categories and criteria of IUCN, joining C. confertiflora, which was officially cited in the List of threatened flora in Rio Grande do Sul. This study provides an identification key, illustrations, maps, morphological descriptions, and comments on the ecology, taxonomy, and geographic distribution of the Cuphea species in Rio Grande do Sul state.

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Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Lythraceae

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Edaphic Endemism in the Amazon: Vascular Plants of the canga of Carajás, Brazil

Edaphic Endemism in the Amazon: Vascular Plants of the canga of Carajás, Brazil

Flora of Ceará, Brazil: Lythraceae

Cuphea (Lythraceae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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