Enfoques intraindividual e interindividual en programas de pensamiento crítico

Abstract

ResumenEn la actualidad, hay diversas conceptualizaciones acerca del pensamiento crítico, clasificándolo mayoritariamente en definiciones, perspectivas metodológicas e instrumentos. Este artículo de revisión teórica tiene por objetivo realizar una clasificación de orden ontológico, analizando las finalidades que definen al pensamiento crítico como praxis humana; proponiéndose dos enfoques, uno como proceso intrapersonal, considerándolo un proceso de filtro interno de información; otro, como proceso interpersonal, donde el pensamiento es de naturaleza interactiva y culturalmente situada. Se realiza además una revisión bibliográfica, analizando programas aplicados en educación superior, relacionando programas y estudios en ambos enfoques, en base a objetivos y procedimientos de trabajo. Se concluye que el pensamiento crítico es un proceso complejo, que ha experimentado una evolución conceptual y epistemológica que lo orienta actualmente hacia una praxis social más que meramente individual, puesto que se encuadra en contextos y acciones que promueven la interacción entre personas.Palabras clave: Pensamiento crítico; cognición; interacción social. Intraindividual and interindividual approaches in critical thinking programs AbstractCurrently, there are several conceptualizations about critical thinking, most of them classify it in definitions, methodological approaches and instruments. Objective of this article is to offer an ontological classification based on theoretical review, analyzing goals define critical thinking as human praxis, considering two approaches: intrapersonal process, seeing it as a process of refining information; and as interpersonal process where thought is interactive in its nature and culturally situated. A literature review was carried out, analyzing programs developed in higher education, and linking those programs to approaches, based on objectives and working procedures. We conclude that critical thinking is a complex process, which has experienced a conceptual and epistemological evolution, guiding it today towards social praxis and not merely individual, because of it's framing in epistemology and actions that promote interaction among people.Keywords: Critical thinking; cognition; social interaction. Enfoques interindividual e interindividual em programas de pensamento críticoResumo Na atualidade, há diversas conceitualizações sobre o pensamento crítico, classificando-o principalmente em definições, perspectivas metodológicas e instrumentos. Este artigo de revisão teórica tem por objetivo realizar uma classificação de ordem ontológica, analisando as finalidades que definem o pensamento crítico como práxis humana, propondo-se dois enfoques, um como processo intrapessoal, considerando-o um processo de filtro interno de informação; outro, como processo interpessoal, em que o pensamento é de natureza interativa e culturalmente situada.Realiza-se, também, uma revisão bibliográfica, analisando programas aplicados na educação superior, relacionando programas e estudos em ambos os enfoques, na...

Dimensions of Digital Literacy in the 21st Century Competency Frameworks

“…Consistent with the context, the frameworks analyzed express a consensus towards a technocritical approach, which goes beyond the operational vision of technologies [34,35]. Although for some perspectives, critical thinking is located in the cognitive area; since it is conceived as a complex cognitive process [36], beyond the taxonomic structure, the current panorama of studies that decant for this vision denote that the relevance that this educational dimension has acquired responds to that prevailing and emerging need for ethical and reflective conditions required in the world mediated by technologies [37]. A world where algorithms build scenarios, in which human beings give meaning to their lives in different contexts, without being certain of their own autonomy, in an entangled and veiled technocratic relationship of "impersonal domination" [38] (pp.…”