BRS Careca, BRS Fartura, BRS Duquesa, BRS Curinga, and BRS Golias: new cupuassu tree cultivars

Alves, R. N. B.; Chaves, Saulo Fabrício da Silva

doi:10.1590/1984-70332020v20n4c66

Cited by 2 publications

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“…This population was the base for developing superior genotypes, i.e., holders of both disease resistance and yield alleles. To this day, the programme has released ten commercial cultivars: one improved population and nine clonal cultivars (Alves & Chaves, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first orchards were established with seeds from wild individuals, i.e., without any breeding. For this reason, most of the Amazonian orchards have low yield and high occurrence of the witches' broom disease [ Moniliophthora perniciosa (Stahel) Aime & Phillips‐Mora] (Alves & Chaves, 2020). The great intra‐ and inter‐population divergence, conditioned by the species' allogamy and potentiated by its self‐incompatibility, also contributes to this fact (Alves et al., 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of repeated measures data through mixed models: An application in Theobroma grandiflorum breeding

et al. 2023

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Theobroma grandiflorum is a perennial fruit tree native to the Amazon region. As a perennial species with continuous production throughout the years, breeders should seek well‐conducted trials, accurate phenotyping and adequate statistical models for genetic evaluation and selection that can leverage the information provided by the repeated measures. We evaluated 13 models with different covariance structures for genetic and residual effects for T. grandiflorum evaluation, using an unbalanced dataset with 34 hybrids from the triple‐crossing of nine parents, planted in a randomized complete block design. For nine consecutive years, the fruit yield of these hybrids was evaluated. Each model had its goodness‐of‐fit tested by the Akaike information criterion. The most adequate model for estimating the variance components and the breeding values were modelled with the first‐order heterogeneous autoregressive for residual effects and third‐order factor analytic for genetic effects. From this model, we used the factor analytic selection tools for selecting the top 10 families, providing a genetic gain of 10.42%. These results are important not only for T. grandiflorum breeding but also to show that in any repeated measures' data from fruit‐bearing perennial species the modelling of genetic and residual effects should not be neglected.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of repeated measures data through mixed models: An application in Theobroma grandiflorum breeding

et al. 2023

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Genomic decoding ofTheobroma grandiflorum(cupuassu) at chromosomal scale: Evolutionary insights for horticultural innovation

Alves,

de Abreu,

Oliveira

et al. 2023

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BackgroundTheobroma grandiflorum(Malvaceae), known as cupuassu, is a tree indigenous to the Amazon Basin, valued for its large fruits and seed-pulp, contributing notably to the Amazonian bioeconomy. The seed-pulp is utilized in desserts and beverages, and its seed butter is used in cosmetics. Here, we present the sequenced telomere-to-telomere cupuassu genome, disclosing features of the genomic structure, evolution, and phylogenetic relationships within the Malvaceae.ResultsThe cupuassu genome spans 423 Mb, encodes 31,381 genes distributed in the ten chromosomes, and it exhibits approximately 65% gene synteny with theT. cacaogenome, reflecting a conserved evolutionary history, albeit punctuated with unique genomic variations. The main changes are pronounced by bursts of long-terminal repeats retrotransposons expansion at post-species divergence, retrocopied and singleton genes, and gene families displaying distinctive patterns of expansion and contraction. Furthermore, positively selected genes are evident, particularly among retained and dispersed, tandem and proximal duplicated genes associated to general fruit and seed traits and defense mechanisms, supporting the hypothesis of potential episodes of subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization following duplication, and impact from distinct domestication process. These genomic variations may underpin the differences observed in fruit and seed morphology, ripening, and disease resistance between cupuassu and the other Malvaceae species.ConclusionsSequencing the cupuassu genome offers a foundational resource for both breeding and conservation efforts, yielding insights into the evolution and diversity within the genusTheobroma.Core ideasTelomere-to-telomere sequencing of theTheobroma grandiflorumgenome elucidates a 65% synteny withT. cacao.Retrotransposon expansion identified as a pivotal factor in post-divergence genomic evolution betweenTheobromaspecies.Comparative genomics has revealed genes associated with key agronomic traits, providing evolutionary insights.Positive selection pressure in retained duplicated genes implicated in adaptive functions and fruit-seed traits diversity.Cupuassu genome as a genetic resource for breeding and to boosts Brazillian Amazonian bioeconomy.AUTHOR SUMMARYCupuassu, a fruit-bearing tree from the Amazon, is prized for its nutritious fruits and seeds, widely used in food and cosmetics. In this study, we sequenced the complete genome of cupuassu to understand its development, unique traits, and genetic relationship with cacao and other related species. The cupuassu genome shares a high similarity with cacao, but it also exhibits distinctive features. Notably, repetitive DNA elements have significantly influenced its genomic structure. Furthermore, specific genes responsible for its fruit and seed characteristics, as well as disease resistance, were identified. Overall, this research not only deepens our knowledge of cupuassu genetics but also illuminates broader aspects of plant evolution and diversity in the Amazon. It lays the groundwork for advanced breeding programs and promises to contribute significantly to the Amazonian bioeconomy. Ultimately, these findings have important implications for agriculture and conservation, highlighting the intricate processes of plant adaptation and evolution.

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BRS Careca, BRS Fartura, BRS Duquesa, BRS Curinga, and BRS Golias: new cupuassu tree cultivars

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Analysis of repeated measures data through mixed models: An application in Theobroma grandiflorum breeding

Analysis of repeated measures data through mixed models: An application in Theobroma grandiflorum breeding

Genomic decoding ofTheobroma grandiflorum(cupuassu) at chromosomal scale: Evolutionary insights for horticultural innovation

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