Behavior of grape breeding lines with distinct resistance alleles to downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)

Sánchez-Mora, Fernando David; Saifert, Luciano; Zanghelini, Jean Alberto; Assumpção, Wilson Taybar; Guginski-Piva, Claudia Aparecida; Giacometti, Renan; Novak, Eduardo Irineu; Klabunde, Gustavo H F; Eibach, Rudolf; Vesco, Lírio Luiz Dal; Nodari, Rubens Onofre; Welter, Leocir José

doi:10.1590/1984-70332017v17n2a21

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Resistance was assessed relative to a susceptible control, 'Merlot' . The study was conducted by inoculating leaf discs with P. viticola, which is a widely used bioassay in the study of genetic resistance to DM in grapevines 7,9,19,[50][51][52] . Inoculations were performed by using a suspension of P. viticola sporangia derived from sporangia collected in multiple vineyards and then maintained on the susceptible variety 'Merlot' for the duration of the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Components of partial resistance to Plasmopara viticola enable complete phenotypic characterization of grapevine varieties

Bove

Rossi

2020

Sci Rep

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Six components of partial resistance (RCs) were studied in 15 grapevine varieties with partial resistance to Plasmopara viticola: (i) infection frequency (ifR, proportion of inoculation sites showing sporulation), (ii) latent period (LP50, degree-days between inoculation and appearance of 50% of the final number of sporulating lesions), (iii) lesion size (LS, area of single lesions in mm 2), (iv) production of sporangia (SpoR, number of sporangia produced per lesion, and SpoR', number of sporangia produced per mm 2 of lesion), (v) infectious period (ip, number of sporulation events on a lesion), and (vi) infectivity of sporangia (INF, infection efficiency of sporangia produced on resistant varieties). Artificial inoculation monocycle experiments were conducted for a 3-year period on leaves collected at leaf development, flowering, and fruit development. Compared to the susceptible variety 'Merlot', the partially resistant varieties showed reduced ifR, longer Lp, smaller LS, fewer SpoR and SpoR', shorter ip, and lower INF. At leaf development, IFR, SPOR, and INF were higher and LP was shorter than at flowering and fruit development. RCs analysis through monocyclic experiments provides reliable assessments of the resistance response of grapevine accessions. The workload required for routine assessment in breeding programs could be reduced by measuring IFR and SPOR, while producing robust results. Downy mildew (DM) of grapevine is a serious disease caused by the obligate, biotrophic Oomycete Plasmopara viticola 1. P. viticola originated from North America, was introduced in Europe in the 1870 s 2 , and spread across the continent in the following years 1. The level of partial resistance to DM varies widely among Vitis species and cultivars 3,4. The Eurasian grapevine V. vinifera, which is widely cultivated for its agronomic and quality traits, is generally susceptible to DM, whereas Asian and American Vitis species (e.g., V. riparia and V. rupestris) show varying degrees of resistance 5 because of their coevolution with the pathogen. The partial resistance to P. viticola is conferred to grapevines by specific loci referred to as Rpvs (resistance to P. viticola) 6 ; partial resistance has also been found in V. vinifera germplasm 7. Breeding programs have been implemented based on the hybridization of American Vitis spp. with V. vinifera for the introgression of resistance genes into the domesticated background of V. vinifera. Some of the breeding lines, after several cycles of backcrossing, gained more than 80% of V. vinifera genetic background 8 , and incorporated one or more (pyramided) Rpvs. Some reports, which characterized partially resistant varieties under vineyard conditions, indicate a reduction in the speed of DM epidemics on resistant varieties in comparison with susceptible grapevine ones 9,10. Since the early 1900s, several partially resistant varieties with good grape quality and in some cases capable of producing a vinifera-like wine 11-13 have been selected and released by breeders. The resistance res...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Components of partial resistance to Plasmopara viticola enable complete phenotypic characterization of grapevine varieties

Bove

Rossi

2020

Sci Rep

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“…Crop wild relatives (CWR) native to North America were widely used in planned hybridizations with the European bunch grape ( Vitis vinifera ). CWR genes improved significantly the plant immune system in new grape varieties (Eibach, Zyprian, Welter, & Töpfer, ; Sánchez‐Mora et al., ; Schwander et al., ; Venuti et al., ). CWR genes in the Rpv3 locus confer resistance to Plasmopara viticola , the causal agent of grape downy mildew.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic background modulates the intensity of Rpv3‐dependent downy mildew resistance in grapevine

et al. 2018

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Grape varieties with resistance to downy mildew (DM) carry alien chromosome segments in Vitis vinifera backgrounds. We previously showed that the largest descent group shares a non‐vinifera haplotype at the locus Rpv3. Here, we performed a common garden experiment with 76 varieties to evaluate the level of field resistance across four years. All varieties exhibited effector‐triggered immunity (ETI)‐associated necrosis. On a scale of 1–9, the median OIV452 value for foliar resistance was 7.1 in the resistant lineage vs. 3.2 in vinifera controls. Genotype, year and their interaction significantly affected the level of resistance. Some resistant genotypes showed high mean values of OIV452 and low variance among years. Other resistant genotypes showed lower mean OIV452 and higher variance. They were capable of activating ETI, but the intensity was inadequate to restrict pathogen growth under highly conducive conditions. Rpv3‐dependent responses were stronger in highly native genetic backgrounds and tended to attenuate in late backcross generations. Genetic backgrounds donated by European winegrapes of the convarietas occidentalis provided on average higher levels of Rpv3 resistance than backgrounds of orientalis table grapes.

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“…But similar to all perennial species, it needs a considerably long time to develop new varieties since maturity often requires several growing seasons until breeding success may be evaluated (Sánchez-Mora et al, 2017). However, nowadays there are many biotechnological techniques that advance this process (Töpfer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic divergence of grapes using productive cycle

Moura¹,

Modesto²,

Dias³

et al. 2018

Aust J Crop Sci

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Classifying vines regarding the number of days required to complete de productive cycle and the duration of intermediate phenologic phases are essential for genetic improvement programs, implementation of cultivation techniques and handling of the grape harvest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the access phenotypic divergence of grapes from the germplasm collection by the Agronomic Institute -IAC. Evaluations were performed for 4 years of production, from 2012 to 2015, when the plants were 4 years old. The training system applied the espalier, at a 2.0 x 1.0 m spacing between lines and plants, respectively. The IAC's grape germplasm collection comprised 110 varieties of the Vitis vinífera, Vitis labrusca species and inter-specific hybrids grafted into the IAC 766 rootstocks, being 3 plants per each variety. After the pruning of the main vine phonologic phases, the number of days was evaluated using the scale proposed by Eichhorn and Lorenz. Two evaluations a week were carried out until the flowering, and afterwards one evaluation was performed a week, the period between pruning and the beginning of sprouting, full flowering with 50% flowers opened, beginning of maturation (veraison) and maturation (harvest), visually mature fruits and content of soluble solids above 14ºBrix. Multivariate analysis, such as the correlation between varieties, analysis of the main components (PCA) and methods of non-weighted arithmetic means (UPGMA) was applied to classify the phenotypes according to the productive cycle. A relation was found between the sprouting and the flowering phases, as well as the starting maturation and maturation. The first two components explained 81% of the total variability, being that the starting maturation and maturation were the best variables to study the divergence of vine phenotypes. Also, combining the UPGMA method and the PCA analysis that distinguished three groups, allowed us to divide the phenotypes into 25 processes, 75 median and 10 late varieties, according to their productive cycle. It was possible to conclude that the techniques used to study the genetic diversity applied to phenologic characters were effective to evaluate the vines phenotypic divergence, and therefore, the multivariate analysis may be used to guide future vine improvement programs.

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Behavior of grape breeding lines with distinct resistance alleles to downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)

Abstract: Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) is the main grapevine disease in

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

Components of partial resistance to Plasmopara viticola enable complete phenotypic characterization of grapevine varieties

Components of partial resistance to Plasmopara viticola enable complete phenotypic characterization of grapevine varieties

The genetic background modulates the intensity of Rpv3‐dependent downy mildew resistance in grapevine

Phenotypic divergence of grapes using productive cycle

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