The metaphor in the grammaticalization process of the verb DANAR to express inceptive aspect with extension of the action in Brazilian Portuguese

Abstract

RESUMO:Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar como a metáfora atua no processo de gramaticalização do verbo DANAR, que passa de verbo lexical pleno a verbo gramatical, auxiliar, em construções do tipo: "A criança danou (se) a chorar", aqui chamada de V1 DANAR + (pron) + (prep) + V2 infinitivo. Acredita-se que esse novo uso de DANAR, para marcar o aspecto inceptivo com prolongamento da ação, seja consequência de um processo metafórico cognitivo que envolve os esquemas imagéticos movimento e força, os quais já se encontravam subjacentes em DANAR concreto, o que justifica que esse verbo, não prototípico para marcação de aspecto, possa ter atualizado essa categoria gramatical. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Verbo DANAR. Gramaticalização; Metáfora; Aspecto verbal. 454ABSTRACT: This paper aims to present how a metaphor acts in the grammaticalization process of the verb DANAR, from Brazilian Portuguese, ranging from the full lexical verb to the grammatical, auxiliary verb in constructions like: "The kid danou(-se) to cry", hereby referred to as V1 DANAR + (pron) + (prep) + V2 infinitive . We support that this new usage of DANAR, perceived as a marker of an inceptive aspect with an extension of action, is a consequence of a metaphorical cognitive process that involves imagetic schemes of motion and force, which already existed within the concrete form of DANAR, which justifies that this verb, although not the archetypal aspect marker, may have updated this grammatical category.KEYWORDS: "DANAR" verb. Grammaticalization; Metaphor; Verbal aspect. Initial considerationsAccording to Lakoff and Johnson (2002), metaphor is, contrary to what most people believe, more than a resource of poetic imagination and a rhetorical ornament. According to authors, "metaphor is infiltrated in daily life, not only in language, but also in thinking and in action. Our ordinary conceptual system, in terms of which we do not only think, but also act on, is fundamentally metaphorical" (LAKOFF & JOHNSON, 2002, p. 45). This work intends to demonstrate that metaphor is not infiltrated in language alone, but also influences the production of language, as well as the choice of linguistic resources to express a certain grammatical category. We intend to demonstrate how metaphor acts in the elaboration of a grammatical construction 2 that appears in 20 th -century Brazilian Portuguese to express the grammatical category of "aspect". For this purpose, we will use the verb DANAR as the core object.2 Verbal periphrases are some of the resources of aspect marking. However, as we have verified in several works on grammaticalization presented by Gonçalves et al. (2007), grammaticalization can reach structures that are larger than an item and smaller than a clause. We believe that the process of change that affected the item DANAR to mark "aspect" has not influenced it alone, but also the other elements that are part of its syntagmatic relations. That being said, we conceive grammaticalization in a broader manner, similar to Bybee (2003, p. 602): "The recent literature...