Use of pyridoxine hydrochloride in the interruption of lactation in female dogs with pseudopregnancy

Silva, Maíra Corona da; Guedes, Paula Elisa Brandão; Silva, Fabiana Lessa; Snoeck, Paola Pereira das Neves

doi:10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0062

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A study in dogs also found that PN at different intake levels (10 mg/kg bw per day and 50 mg/kg bw per day for 20 days) could suppress lactation at the highest dose (da Silva et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin B6

Turck¹,

Bohn²,

Castenmiller³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for vitamin B6. Systematic reviews of the literature were conducted by a contractor. The relationship between excess vitamin B6 intakes and the development of peripheral neuropathy is well established and is the critical effect on which the UL is based. A lowest-observed-effect-level (LOAEL) could not be established based on human data. A reference point (RP) of 50 mg/day is identified by the Panel from a case-control study, supported by data from case reports and vigilance data. An uncertainty factor (UF) of 4 is applied to the RP to account for the inverse relationship between dose and time to onset of symptoms and the limited data available. The latter covers uncertainties as to the level of intake that would represent a LOAEL. This leads to a UL of 12.5 mg/day. From a subchronic study in Beagle dogs, a LOAEL of 50 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day can be identified. Using an UF of 300, and a default bw of 70 kg, a UL of 11.7 mg/day can be calculated. From the midpoint of the range of these two ULs and rounding down, a UL of 12 mg/day is established by the Panel for vitamin B6 for adults (including pregnant and lactating women). ULs for infants and children are derived from the UL for adults using allometric scaling: 2.2-2.5 mg/day (4-11 months), 3.2-4.5 mg/day (1-6 years), 6.1-10.7 mg/day (7-17 years). Based on available intake data, EU populations are unlikely to exceed ULs, except for regular users of food supplements containing high doses of vitamin B6.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin B6

Turck¹,

Bohn²,

Castenmiller³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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“…could suppress lactation in a dose-dependent manner, with no side effects reported (da Silva et al, 2021).…”

Section: Anti-lactogenic Effectmentioning

confidence: 88%

Preparatory work for the update of the tolerable upper intake levels for vitamin B6

Tetens

Petersen

Christensen

et al. 2023

EFSA Supporting Publications

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To support EFSA in the preparatory work for the assessment of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) for vitamin B6, a tailored ‘high level’ protocol was developed, based on a template protocol and taking into account the specificities of vitamin B6. This protocol outlined the methods, the relevant endpoints and priority adverse health effects in relation to high intakes of vitamin B6. Systematic reviews (SR) were conducted following a tailored literature search, data extraction, evidence appraisal (i.e. risk of bias (RoB) assessment) and evidence synthesis. Narrative reviews (NR) were conducted to gather contextual evidence relevant to the interpretation of the main body of evidence. In the SR on the dose‐response relationship between vitamin B6 and peripheral neuropathy, 3793 records were identified and reduced to 32 individual records after screening for eligibility. The evidence appraisal revealed an overall moderate to high RoB of the individual studies and an overall rating of the total body of evidence as very low due mainly due to the type of data from case studies/case reports and limited number of other data. The available evidence confirmed a high degree of inter‐individual variability to sensitivity to a high exposure of vitamin B6 in relation to development of peripheral neuropathic outcomes but did not allow to determine a No Observed Adverse Effect Level or Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level. In the SR on developmental toxicity, 4941 records were identified and reduced to 23 individual records including human and animal studies after screening for eligibility. The available data demonstrated a high degree of heterogeneity with respect to exposure and adverse health outcomes and overall, showed no positive or causal relationship between vitamin B6 intake and adverse developmental effects, including congenital defects. The NRs showed a paucity of data on high intake of vitamin B6 vitamers and their metabolism.

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“…Such a syndrome is due to the physiological drop in blood P4 levels by the end of the dioestrus phase, which is also associated, in some female dogs, with a release of prolactin. Galactorrhoea is, therefore, a consequence of the physiological hormonal pattern of the sexual maturity in dogs and should not be considered as a side effect [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of 4.7 mg Deslorelin Acetate Implants in Suppressing Oestrus Cycle in Prepubertal Female Dogs

Gontier

Youala

Fontaine

et al. 2022

Animals

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Our multicentric, masked, controlled and randomised study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Suprelorin® 4.7 mg (Virbac, Carros, France) regarding oestrus prevention in prepubertal intact bitches. Twelve- to eighteen-week-old females (n = 83) were allocated either a deslorelin implant (n = 62) or 0.9% sodium chloride (n = 21) group. Clinical assessment (heat signs), 17β oestradiol and progesterone assays, and vaginal cytology were performed at day (D)0, D7, D21, month (M)3 and M6 after product administration, and were then performed every other month until reaching puberty. Trained owners assessed heat signs between each veterinary visit. All bitches (n = 83) reached puberty before M30. Deslorelin significantly extended the median time to sexual maturity when compared to the control group (377 days versus 217 days after D0, p < 0.0001). Three females, implanted between 16 and 18 weeks of age, expressed an induced oestrus. Additional descriptive data, collected over a 24 month-period, showed functional reproductive abilities in both deslorelin (n = 52) and control (n = 21) groups once puberty was achieved. In conclusion, Suprelorin® 4.7 mg seems to be an effective and safe option for postponing the onset of oestrus when administered to prepubertal female dogs aged from 12 to 16 weeks.

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Use of pyridoxine hydrochloride in the interruption of lactation in female dogs with pseudopregnancy

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin B6

Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin B6

Preparatory work for the update of the tolerable upper intake levels for vitamin B6

Efficacy and Safety of 4.7 mg Deslorelin Acetate Implants in Suppressing Oestrus Cycle in Prepubertal Female Dogs

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