Effects of androgens and rutting season on drug metabolizing enzymes in dromedary camels

El-Khaldi, Aziza Thamer; Homeida, A.M.

doi:10.1590/1984-3143-ar2019-0119

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Rutting camels showed elevated serum testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone levels during breeding season as compared to other camels (29). There was elevated testosterone concentration in the plasma of testicular tissue in the breeding season (63)(64)(65).…”

Section: Enzymes Control the Camel Bull Behavior During The Rutting S...mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In eliciting a behavioral response, 5α-DHT is more reactive than testosterone ( 31 ) which suggests that in the expression of hormonal effects testosterone metabolism could be an essential step ( 67 ). Greater activity of 5α-reductase was presumably expressed in testes and poll glands, resulting in higher DHT concentrations in rutting camels ( 29 ). In rutting season, histological examination of the poll gland suggested that the gland is endocrine ( 68 ).…”

Section: Enzymes Control the Camel Bull Behavior During The Rutting S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Camel Proteins and Enzymes: A Growing Resource for Functional Evolution and Environmental Adaptation

et al. 2022

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In less agroecological parts of the Asian, Arabian, and African deserts, Camelus dromedarius play an important role in human survival. For many years, camels have been employed as a source of food, a tool of transportation, and a means of defense. They are becoming increasingly important as viable livestock animals in many desert climates. With the help of camel genetics, genomics and proteomics known so far, this review article will summarize camel enzymes and proteins, which allow them to thrive under varied harsh environmental situations. An in-depth study of the dromedary genome revealed the existence of protein-coding and fast-developing genes that govern a variety of metabolic responses including lipid and protein metabolism, glucoamylase, flavin-containing monooxygenase and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase are other metabolic enzymes found in the small intestine, liver, pancreas, and spleen. In addition, we will discuss the handling of common medications by camel liver cytochrome p 450, which are different from human enzymes. Moreover, camels developed several paths to get optimum levels of trace elements like copper, zinc, selenium, etc., which have key importance in their body for normal regulation of metabolic events. Insulin tolerance, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes, vimentin functions, behavior during the rutting season, resistance to starvation and changes in blood composition and resistance to water loss were among the attractive aspects of camel enzymes and proteins peculiarities in the camels. Resolving the enigma of the method of adaptation and the molecular processes linked with camel life is still a developing repository full of mysteries that need additional exploration.

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Section: Enzymes Control the Camel Bull Behavior During The Rutting S...mentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Enzymes Control the Camel Bull Behavior During The Rutting S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Camel Proteins and Enzymes: A Growing Resource for Functional Evolution and Environmental Adaptation

et al. 2022

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“…The seasonal anatomical and histological findings in this study suggest increased secretory activity of the poll gland during rutting season as compared to non‐rutting season. El‐Khaldi and Homeida (2020) proved the increased secretory activity in the dromedary camel poll gland during rutting season. The poll gland secretion has been reported to contain androgens (Yagil & Etzion, 1980) and some types of pheromones (Skidmore, 2004) these hormones are believed to mark a mating area for the male in a certain herd.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two poll glands are found subcutaneously behind the neck of male dromedary camel (Ebada et al., 2012; El‐Khaldi & Homeida, 2020; Ibrahim et al., 2020; Tingari et al., 1984). They yield a yellowish watery secretion with a characteristic offensive odour during the rutting season (Singh & Bharadwaj, 1978; Taha & Abdalla, 1980; Yagi & Etzion, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal morphology and immunoreactivity of cytokeratin and atrial natriuretic peptide in dromedary camel poll glands

Ibrahim

Alkheraije

2020

Anat Histol Embryol

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Poll glands are characteristic feature of dromedary camels; although they yield a yellowish offensive secretion, especially during rutting (breeding) season, their function is not yet exactly specified. The present study shows the seasonal morphology and immunoreactivity of cytokeratin (CK) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the camel poll gland; the result could clearly specify the role of the gland in camel reproduction. Poll glands are compound tubulo‐alveolar in structure. During rutting season, the secretory units showed wide lumina and simple squamous epithelium surrounded by myoepithelial cells; the lumina became narrower and the epithelium changed to simple cuboidal during non‐rutting season. Many glandular lobules showed abundant interlobular connective tissue with fewer and smaller secretory units during non‐rutting season compared to rutting season. Positive CK and ANP immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of secretory units and ducts together with the myoepithelial cells and blood vessels. Although CK immunoreactivity was more intense during rutting season in comparison to non‐rutting season, there was no seasonal variation in ANP immunoreactivity. During both seasons, while the glandular capsule, connective tissue septa, interstitium showed negative CK immunoreactions, they reacted moderately to ANP. In conclusion, the poll gland undergoes annual structural and functional changes which are suggested to correlate with the male seasonal sexual behaviour. Further, the biological role of CK and ANP proteins together with their immunohistochemical expression in the camel poll gland suggests a stimulatory effect in the glandular secretory cells, and hence, they might modify camel sexual activity.

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Effects of androgens and rutting season on drug metabolizing enzymes in dromedary camels

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Camel Proteins and Enzymes: A Growing Resource for Functional Evolution and Environmental Adaptation

Camel Proteins and Enzymes: A Growing Resource for Functional Evolution and Environmental Adaptation

Seasonal morphology and immunoreactivity of cytokeratin and atrial natriuretic peptide in dromedary camel poll glands

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