Invasive Non-Type B Haemophilus Influenzae Disease: Report of Eight Cases

Abstract

ASTRACT Objective: To describe eight cases of invasive non-type b Haemophilus influenzae disease in children admitted to Hospital de Clínicas of Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Cases description: In 2015, there were eight cases of invasive non-type b H. influenzae disease. We tested the ampicillin sensitivity and beta-lactamase production of the strains identified and performed the genotyping. Molecular typing was determined by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. Four patients were diagnosed with bacteremia; in two cases, H. influenzae was detected in the pleural fluid, and two patients had meningitis. Patients with comorbidities represented 37.5% of cases. Except for the strain of one patient - not sent to the reference laboratory -, all were ampicillin-sensitive and non-beta-lactamase-producing. Genotyping identified four non-capsular, one type c, and two type a strains. Molecular typing ruled out nosocomial transmission since all serotypes were distinct regarding genotype. Comments: The rise in cases of invasive non-type b H. influenzae infection was real. There was no nosocomial transmission, and we found no justification for the increase. These data indicate the need for surveillance to correctly diagnose, monitor, and understand the spectrum of non-type b H. influenzae disease.

Respiratory Carriage of Haemophilus influenzae Associated with Hib Vaccine in Jordanian Children

“…15 Numerous studies have reported the role of NTHi as cause of mainly noninvasive local infections in children, such as AOM, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and conjunctivitis. 6,14,19,20 In particular, AOM infection is commonly caused by NTHi, affecting more than 10% of humans annually worldwide, with 51% of the cases occurring in children younger than 5 years. 6 Moreover, several studies have shown an increased pathogenic potential of NTHi in adults and infants who are susceptible to lung infections, with high case fatality rates.…”

Sepsis Due to Haemophilus influenzae and Masked Influenza A Infection

“…In 2017, the incidence rate of H. influenzae type b was 0.18 per 100,000 population [3]. Now NTHi infection is increasing, causing majority of cases of otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, and bacteremia in Hibimmunized patients [4]. NTHi is the major cause of invasive infection in the geriatrics population and its incidence is around 6.2 per 100,000 population [3].…”

“…Human influenza is an RNA virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family. They are classified into types A, B, and C based on nucleoprotein and matrix protein [4]. Influenza A virus is further subcategorized based on hemagglutinin and neuraminidase like H1N1, H1N2, and so forth.…”

“…Pneumonia is one of the common systemic infections caused by H. influenzae. Presenting symptoms include high-grade fever, chills, lethargy, body aches, cough, chest pain, and shortness of breath [4,7]. It is indistinguishable from other bacterial pneumonia.…”

Role of mass gatherings in transmission of respiratory tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae

“…Un-encapsulated strains are non-typable H. influenzae (NTHi) due to lack of capsular serotypes and less invasive. Hib vaccine is effective in preventing Hib infection only but not effective against infection with NTHi strain (Romaneli et al, 2019). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of this type of bacteria among pilgrims coming from different geographical locations in the world to determine the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, which would provide the basis for the adoption of appropriate preventive to limit the spread of these pathogens and control them.…”