Infecção Respiratória Aguda Baixa Em Crianças Indígenas Guarani, Brasil

Abstract

Objective: To describe the clinical profile and treatment of Brazilian Guarani indigenous children aged less than five years hospitalized for acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), living in villages in the states from Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul.Methods: Of the 234 children, 23 were excluded (incomplete data). The analysis was conducted in 211 children. Data were extracted from charts by a form. Based on record of wheezing and x-ray findings, ALRI was classified as bacterial, viral and viral-bacterial. A bivariate analysis was conducted using multinomial regression.Results: Median age was 11 months. From the total sample, the ALRI cases were classified as viral (40.8%), bacterial (35.1%) and viral-bacterial (24.1%). It was verified that 53.1% of hospitalizations did not have clinical-radiological-laboratorial evidence to justify them. In the multinomial regression analysis, the comparison of bacterial and viral-bacterial showed the likelihood of having a cough was 3.1 times higher in the former (95%CI 1.11-8.70), whereas having chest retractions was 61.0% lower (OR 0.39, 95%CI 0.16-0.92). Comparing viral with viral-bacterial, the likelihood of being male was 2.2 times higher in the viral (95%CI 1.05-4.69), and of having tachypnea 58.0% lower (OR 0.42, 95%CI 0.19-0.92).Conclusions: Higher proportion of viral processes was identified, as well as viral-bacterial co-infections. Coughing was a symptom indicative of bacterial infection, whereas chest retractions and tachypnea showed viral-bacterial ALRI. Part of the resolution of non-severe ALRI still occurs at hospital level; therefore, we concluded that health services need to implement their programs in order to improve indigenous primary care.

Deconstruction of Clinical Treatment of Pneumonia and Respiratory Tract Infection Based on MRI Molecular Imaging

“…MRI is mainly composed of three basic components, namely, the magnet part, the magnetic resonance spectrometer part, the data processing part, and the image reconstruction part. The basic building blocks of MRI are shown in Figure 1 [ 13 , 14 ].…”

An Assessment of Health Outcomes and Methylmercury Exposure in Munduruku Indigenous Women of Childbearing Age and Their Children under 2 Years Old

“…In addition, the way of life in a village with reduced access to clean water, poor sanitation and minimal health care resources allows parasites, infectious diseases and malnutrition to persist, putting infants within our studied community at risk of increased mortality post-partum [ 134 , 135 ]. Furthermore, studies following the Minamata tragedy in Japan suggested that rates of miscarriage and stillbirths increased following exposure to mercury [ 134 , 136 ]. Benefice et al [ 137 ] found that women living along the Beni River in Bolivia with MeHg levels over 5 µg/g presented with increased rates of infant deaths but established no causality link between MeHg exposure and infant deaths.…”

“…The evidence has highlighted the difficulties in making timely interventions during the perinatal period for indigenous populations with poor access to health care [132,133]. In addition, the way of life in a village with reduced access to clean water, poor sanitation and minimal health care resources allows parasites, infectious diseases and malnutrition to persist, putting infants within our studied community at risk of increased mortality post-partum [134,135]. Furthermore, studies following the Minamata tragedy in Japan suggested that rates of miscarriage and stillbirths increased following exposure to mercury [134,136].…”

Religiosity and Indigenous Cosmology in a Brazilian Hospital Setting: The Challenges Faced by Health Professionals

“…Despite the lack of knowledge about the epidemiological profile of the indigenous peoples in Brazil (Basta et al 2012), it is known to be particularly unfavourable when compared to the non-indigenous population ) and that the main causes of morbidity and death are non-transmissible chronic diseases (Brasil 2016;Carvalho et al 2014). Specifically, with regard to chronic illness among children, the narrative is no different (Souza et al 2018), as indeed is the case in other countries across the world (Chang et al 2014;Harfield et al 2018;Torzillo and Chang 2014;Valeggia and Snodgrass 2015). This huge disparity may be related to the precariousness of the basic socioeconomic and nutritional conditions of these people, accompanied by high rates of parasitic infection and obstacles posed by ethnocentric cultures to the continuity of their traditional subsistence models (Gracey and King 2009;Harfield et al 2018;King et al 2009;Souza et al 2018).…”