Temporal Trend of Hospitalizations for Acute Bronchiolitis in Infants Under One Year of Age in Brazil Between 2008 and 2015

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the trend of hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis in infants under one year of age, in the past eight years and after the implementation of the palivizumab immunization program in Brazil. Methods: The study is a retrospective analysis of data on infants younger than one year of age, who were hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis between 2008 and 2015 in Brazil. The Brazilian National Health System database was used. The rates of hospitalization in the pre-implementation (2008-2012) and post-implementation (2014-2015) periods of the palivizumab immunization program were evaluated. The total number of admissions in the same period was used as a comparison. Results: Between January 2008 and December 2015, 263,679 hospitalizations for bronchiolitis were recorded in infants younger than one year of age, 60% represented by boys. The incidence of hospitalization for bronchiolitis increased by 49% over this period (8.5 to 12.7 per 1,000 inhabitants per year). Between 2013 and 2014, the incidence rate of hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis decreased by 8% (12.5 to 11.5 per 1,000 inhabitants per year). However, in the second year of the program, hospitalization rate increased again by 10% (12.7 per 1,000 inhabitants per years). Conclusions: Acute bronchiolitis presented increasing rates of hospitalization over the study period. Hospitalization incidence for acute bronchiolitis declined one year after the implementation of palivizumab but increased again in the second year of the program.

Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalisation in children aged ≤5 years: a scoping review of literature from 2009 to 2021

“…We found evidence that the number of infant RSV hospital admissions has been increasing in recent years across the world before the COVID-19 pandemic, with several studies reporting a year-on-year increase in RSV hospitalisations from 2004 [ 7 , 13 , 14 ] ( figure 1 ). Approximately 80% of hospitalised bronchiolitis cases among children under 1 year in England are attributable to RSV [ 15 ] ( table 1 ).…”

“…A study by T umba et al . (2020) [ 14 ] reported a 49% increase in the incidence of hospitalisation for bronchiolitis in Brazil between January 2008 and December 2015 (8.5 to 12.7 per 1000 infant-years), with RSV attributed as the aetiologic factor. C hung et al .…”

“…(2020) [ 14 ] suggest that the increase is down to external factors, speculating that the increase in bronchiolitis hospitalisations seen in Brazilian children could be due to an increase in caesarean sections being performed, prematurity rates and increased urbanisation. Premature babies are prone to developing incomplete lung function and are more susceptible to respiratory problems [ 14 ]. N enna et al .…”

Internações por bronquiolite aguda na rede pública da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre – RS de 2012 a 2014

“…Quanto ao tempo médio de internação, os achados assemelharam-se a estudo anterior (TUMBA et al, 2020). Sparremberger et al (2011) identificaram em pesquisa transversal com 71 pacientes, um tempo médio de 6 dias de internação para tratamento da bronquiolite.…”

“…Sua transmissão se dá por meio do contato direto com pessoas infectadas e/ou pela inalação de gotículas geradas pela tosse e espirros em contato com membranas mucosas dos olhos, boca e nariz além do contato com superfícies ou objetos contaminados (ANVISA, 2016). De etiologia predominantemente viral, tem a maior incidência associada ao vírus sincicial respiratório (VSR); entretanto, outros vírus e agentes podem estar presentes (CABALLERO et al, 2017;MATA et al, 2020;TUMBA et al, 2020).…”