Nuances e desafios do erro médico no Brasil: as vítimas e seus olhares

Abstract

Medical malpractice refers to the circumstance of harming a person as the result of medical performance based on a reckless, negligent or inexpert approach. In Brazil, while the number of such cases is increasing, discussion of the subject is almost absent. The present study sought to elucidate some of the challenges found in the situations of the victims of medical malpractice. The experience of the victims was accessed through a semi-structured interview. The confusion of individuals when they discovered they had become victims was noted, as well as a difficulty in accepting the status of victim. The effects of the malpractice led to transformations both in behavior and in attitudes, such as a lack of confidence in medical professionals. It is therefore necessary to create strategies to help and care for the mental health of victims of medical malpractice. Keywords: Medical errors. Stress, psychological. Narration. ResumoNuances e desafios do erro médico no Brasil: as vítimas e seus olhares O erro médico refere-se a uma circunstância que atinge a pessoa em decorrência de atuação médica baseada em atitude imprudente, negligente ou imperita. No Brasil tem crescido o número de casos, mas a discussão a respeito da vítima é quase inexistente. Este trabalho buscou elucidar alguns dos desafios presentes na situação das vítimas de erro médico. Utilizando uma entrevista semiestruturada, foi possível conhecer as experiências das vítimas e perceber de que maneira enfrentaram os desafios impostos. Observou-se a perplexidade ao descobrir-se vítima, e a dificuldade em aceitar-se como tal. As mudanças impostas pelo erro acarretaram transformações comportamentais e de atitudes, como a falta de confiança nos profissionais médicos. Sofrimento e sentimentos negativos passam a fazer parte da vivência dessas pessoas. Dessa maneira, é necessário criar estratégias que permitam auxílio e cuidado da saúde mental das pessoas envolvidas com o erro médico. Palavras-chave: Erros médicos. Estresse psicológico. Narrativa. Resumen Matices y desafíos del error médico en Brasil: las víctimas y sus miradasEl error médico se refiere a una circunstancia que afecta a una persona como resultado de una operación médica basada en actitudes imprudentes, negligentes o de impericia. En Brasil se ha incrementado el número de casos, pero la discusión en relación a la víctima es casi inexistente. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo dilucidar algunos de los desafíos presentes en la situación de las víctimas de errores médicos. A partir del empleo de una entrevista semi-estructurada, fue posible el acceso a las experiencias de las víctimas y se logró una aproximación a los modos en que enfrentaron los desafíos impuestos. Se observó la perplejidad de estas personas al percibirse como víctimas y la dificultad en aceptarse en tanto tales. Las transformaciones impuestas por el error dieron lugar a cambios en los comportamientos y las actitudes, por ejemplo, la falta de confianza en los profesionales de la medicina. El sufrimiento y los sentimientos negativos...

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