Adaptation and resilience of agricultural systems to local climate change and extreme events: an integrative review

Abstract

Losses in agricultural production, mainly caused by extreme temperature, rainfall and drought, have demanded the adaptation of the Brazilian agriculture to the ongoing climate change. This study aimed to evaluate, through an integrative review, the effects of agricultural practices established by two Brazilian public policies (ABC Plan and Planaveg) on the resilience and adaptation of the country’s agricultural systems, considering the effects on local climate and extreme events. All the Embrapa library collections were used as main sources, and the Google Scholar was used as a secondary source. The search included publications from 1998 to April 2022 and resulted in 334 data, extracted from 51 references, covering at least one factor and one practice. The review showed that the proposed practices may contribute to the resilience and adaptation of the Brazilian agricultural and forestry sectors to climate change in the main production regions. Studies have indicated that the incorporation of the arboreal component into production systems may provide an environment more resilient to droughts, increased air humidity, reduced temperature impact and reduced fire risks, among other benefits. The adoption of the ABC Plan and Planaveg practices by the agricultural sector is an option feasible, strategic and well-aligned with a low-carbon economy, while it increases the resilience to present and future climate change impacts.

Coffee agroforestry system has effects on microclimate and soil chemical and microbial characteristics

“…The use of afforestation would be one of the agricultural techniques of mitigation for the possible scenario of global warming as highlighted in some studies. For instance, in coffee crops intercropped with pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), leucena (Leucaena leucocephala), gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), and macadamia nuts (Macadamia tetraphylla) (Coltri et al, 2019), with rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) (Assad et al, 2020;Zaro et al, 2020), which indicates the potential of this agricultural practice to reduce the effects of global warming on the crop to mitigate high temperatures.…”

Nova Economia da Amazônia

“…Estudos empíricos demonstram que a recuperação de pastagens degradadas para a implementação de sistema convencional intensificado com braquiária é capaz de gerar emissões líquidas negativas entre 4 a 5 tC02/ha/ano, a custos próximos de R$ 4 mil/ ha/ano. Se cada hectare de floresta amazônica emite entre 170 e 190 tCO2 quando desmatado, estima-se que um hectare de desmatamento anula o esforço de recuperação de 40 hectares de pastagens degradadas em termos de carbono, sendo que o investimento necessário nessa recuperação é de R$ 160 mil (Assad et al, 2022).…”

Predição da temperatura máxima de Lavras-MG: comparação da normal climatológica com a teoria de valores extremos

“…As mudanças climáticas ocasionadas por extremos do clima e que estão associadas à temperatura e precipitação podem afetar a agricultura, o consumo de energia, o conforto humano e o turismo (Santos et al , 2009;Santos e Manzi, 2011;Assad et al , 2022). Por sua vez, os eventos extremos relacionados ao tempo, como ondas de calor, frio intenso, chuvas atípicas e fortes rajadas de vento podem também ocasionar perdas econômicas e, especialmente, o aumento nas perdas de vidas humanas e animais, como foi observado no fim de inverno de 2023 na região sul do Brasil, pela chegada de um ciclone extratropical.…”