Evidence of the Validity of the Internal Structure of the Ethical, Transformational and Moral Leadership Scale in an Educational Portuguese Context

Abstract

In the educational context, three models of leadership with increasing importance - ethics, transformational and moral - have emerged, being the most developed the model of transformational leadership. This study aimed to analyze the internal structure of leadership questionnaires in the educational context and to know the construct validity of the ethical, moral and transformational dimensions of leadership in the Portuguese educational context. In a sample of 204 teachers, it was possible to verify the behavior of the three questionnaires in the validity of the construct and in the reliability. Leadership scales (Ethical Leadership Questionnaire, Transformational Leadership Questionnaire and Moral Leadership Questionnaire) presented good levels of adjustment to the factor structure and reliability values between acceptable and excellent. Considering the results obtained of innovative character in the level of the psychometric study of the different measures in the educational context will be relevant, in the future, to assess their concurrent validity in different samples of teachers.

Leadership and Conflict Management Style Are Associated with the Effectiveness of School Conflict Management in the Region of Epirus, NW Greece

“…There is some evidence to suggest that school size may affect leadership style [ 33 ]. Contributing factors for this size effect may be: differences between urban and suburban external environments, school size, teachers’ perceptions and values [ 36 ].…”

“…Successful school leaders are expected to develop their leadership skills, including conflict management skills, which will aid in achieving positive outcomes in their school unit, including effective conflict resolution, ensuring that relationships with the other staff members and/or the school community involved in a conflict are not adversely affected [ 33 ].…”

The Significant Effect of Leadership and Conflict Management on Job Satisfaction

“…Work experience and personality traits of a leader can contribute in the success and choices of strategies employed during conflict management. Experienced transformational leaders may select conflict management strategies which ensure that relationships are not destroyed and relations with other members of the staff who are involved in a particular conflict are affected negatively (Neves et al, 2019). A great leader should recognize which conflict management qualities and skills or solutions' strategy are most suitable for each case.…”

Black Women Leading Education for Social Justice in the Region of Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

“…Silva and Holanda (2008, p. 378-379) presented the experiences of "pleasure and suffering" of religious leaders; Silva (2009, p. 276) studied the relationship between "religion, sexuality, and power" in religious and political leadership in the Pentecostal Church. However, we did find scientific articles written in Portuguese about "leadership in Education" related to schools, teachers, and administrators from Portugal (Costa and Bento, 2015;Neves and Coimbra, 2019). Further conceptualization of educational leadership in the Brazilian context is needed.…”