Integração produtiva e acordos comerciais: o caso dos países da Aladi

Abstract

ResumoO processo de fragmentação da produção tem imprimido novas formas de organização da produção e de comércio entre os países. Dentre os diversos fatores explicativos dessa reorganização das atividades produtivas, aqueles relativos aos custos de comércio são de particular importância. Nesse sentido, os acordos comerciais podem ter uma influência relevante na formação de redes produtivas regionais e, mesmo, globais. Este artigo busca investigar se os acordos firmados no âmbito da Aladi contribuíram para aprofundar a integração produtiva na região, por meio da análise do perfil do comércio regional e da estimação de um modelo gravitacional. O grau de integração dos países da região nas redes produtivas internacionais e regionais é bem inferior aquele observado na Ásia, na América do Norte e na Europa. No entanto, as estimações sugerem que os acordos da Aladi exerceram uma influência fraca, porém, positiva sobre os fluxos regionais de partes, componentes e bens de capital.Palavras-chave: Integração comercial; Integração produtiva; Aladi; Associação Latino-Americana de Integração; Modelo gravitacional; Estágios produtivos. Abstract Productive integration and trade agreements: an analysis of Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) countriesThe process of fragmentation has led to a global reorganization of production and has conditioned, to a large extent, the insertion of countries into international trade flows. Among the factors explaining this reorganization of productive activities, those relating to transportation costs and trade barriers are of particular importance. In this context, trade agreements can play a significant role in the formation of regional production networks. This paper investigates whether the trade agreements signed under LAIA have contributed to deepening the regional integration of production. In order to do this, we analyze the trade composition by stages of production and estimate an extended version of a gravity model. The results reveal a low degree of integration of LAIA countries in both the international and regional trade of parts, components and capital goods, far below that observed in Asia, North America and Europe. Even so, LAIA agreements seem to have produced a somewhat positive influence on regional flows.

Production fragmentation, foreign trade and structural complexity: A comparative analysis of Brazil and Mexico

“…This pattern of foreign trade in intermediate inputs reveals the existence of a large component of intraindustry trade, and also that Brazil's integration into the most dynamic stages of global value chains occurred predominantly through the Parts and accessories of motor vehicles category. 7 As Souza and Castilho (2016) note, much of this trade takes place between the countries of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) and with the United States.…”

Growth and Quality of Genotype PS-1319 Cacao Seedlings Produced Under Different Irrigation Depths

“…The cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) belonging to the Malvaceae family is an essentially tropical tree, native of the American rainforest, cultivated between latitudes 20° N and 20° S, at temperatures above 20 °C throughout the year (Wood & Lass, 1985;Landim et al, 1994;ITC, 2001;Souza et al, 2016). In Brazil, cacao cultivation was expanded by the banks of the Amazon River and introduced to Bahia in 1746, where it found good soil and climate conditions, forming the main producer region of the country and of great economic importance (Pamponet et al, 2012).…”