Idade penal no jornalismo de referência: os sentidos centrais na cobertura do debate sobre redução da maioridade penal

Abstract

Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) Resumo: O artigo se vale de uma perspectiva discursiva para compreender os fenômenos que envolvem jornalismo e segurança pública. Para tal, analisamos os núcleos de sentido que mais apareceram no discurso jornalístico de referência no debate sobre redução da maioridade penal, estimulado, dentre outros fatores, pela votação da PEC 171/1993. A observação foi realizada no período de 01 de junho a 05 de julho de 2015 nos jornais Folha de S. Paulo, O Globo e O Estado de S. Paulo. As sequências discursivas extraídas de 60 reportagens apontaram para quatro núcleos de sentido principais: disputa política/barganha/alianças temporárias; falhas no ECA/no sistema socioeducativo; violência dos "menores" x violência contra os "menores"; e ausência de dados nacionais para o debate sobre a redução da idade penal.Palavras-Chave: jornalismo; segurança pública; redução da maioridade penal; análise do discurso.Abstract: Penal age in reference press: the central meanings in the coverage of the debate on the reduction of penal majority -This paper adopts a discursive perspective to understand the phenomena that involves journalism and public safety. It analyses the meaning cores that have most appeared in the journalistic discourse about the debate on the reduction of the penal age, stimulated, among other factors, by the vote of the PEC 171/1993. The observation was performed during the period from June 1 st to July 5 th 2015 in the newspapers Folha de S. Paulo, O Globo and O Estado de S. Paulo. The discursive sequences extracted from 60 reports pointed to four cores of meaning: political dispute/bargaining/temporary alliances; failure in the ECA (Legal Statute of Minors)/socio-educational system; violence of "minors" vs. violence practiced against "minors"; and the absence of national data for the debate on the reduction of the age of criminal responsibility.

Review of Scientifi c Literature on the Age of Criminal Majority in Braz il

“…Another three studies (Campos, 2009;Dias, 2017;Espíndula et al, 2006) indicated that the print media (newspapers and magazines) also corroborate with preconceived images about adolescents in confl ict with the law. In one of them (Campos, 2009), a study was conducted on the news stories in the Veja magazine and in the Folha de São Paulo newspaper, analyzing reports about crimes of great repercussion carried out by adolescents.…”

“…In relation to the results found, it was evidenced that, from diff erent theoretical and methodological perspectives, the majority of the articles (Campos, 2009;Corte Real & Conceição, 2013;Dias, 2017;Espíndula et al, 2006;Petry & Nascimento, 2016;Scisleski et al, 2015;Silva & Hüning, 2015) described how diff erent subjects (parliamentarians, legal operators, professionals of the socio-educational system, students, users of social networks, etc.) perceived the phenomenon of juvenile criminality, forming a kind of mosaic with stereotypes of adolescents in confl ict with the law.…”

“…The Psychology studies were concentrated in the following categories: developmental psychology and morality (Cunha, Ropelato, & Alves, 2006;Galvão & Camino, 2011), social psychology (Corte Real & Conceição, 2013;Espíndula et al, 2006;Petry & Nascimento, 2016) and institutional analysis (Scisleski, Bruno, Galeano, Santos, & Silva, 2015;Silva & Hüning, 2015). The articles of Social Communication can be characterized as studies of the editorial organization of newspapers (Dias, 2017) and the interaction between communication and politics (Maia et al, 2017). The articles in Political Science are related to the analysis of the decision process (Campos, 2009) and public policies (Lins, Figueiredo, & Silva, 2016).…”

“…Another group, formed by three articles (Campos, 2009;Dias, 2017;Espíndula et al, 2006), presented descriptions of images and concepts of adolescents in confl ict with the law divulged by the print media, investigating how the newspapers approached the subject of the age of criminal majority. Campos (2009) studied the role of the media in creating a political climate favorable to proposals to reduce the age of criminal majority in the legislative process, using reports (from newspapers and magazines) on infractions committed by adolescents as sources.…”

“…Based on Howlett's method, which seeks to comprehend the reciprocal eff ects between public opinion and the political agenda, the study pointed out that the media directly infl uenced the construction of the legislative agenda regarding the reduction of the age of criminal majority in Brazil, by massively disseminating news that associated infractions involving adolescents and defending the reduction of the age of criminal majority as a solution to confront the rates of violence. Dias (2017) meanings of the journalistic discourses during 35 days of coverage of the fi rst round of voting of PEC 171/1993. Of the 107 signifi cant discursive sequences analyzed, the results indicated the existence of four nuclei of meaning.…”