Entre tecnicidades e ritualidades: formas contemporâneas de performatização da notícia na televisão

Abstract

Resumo: Com o objetivo de contribuir para o refinamento metodológico da análise de programas televisivos, o artigo propõe uma abordagem dos telejornais que leve em conta sua dimensão comunicacional, privilegiando a interpretação de suas formas materiais, culturais e simbólicas. Analisa as performances do repórter que virtualizam posições para o espectador, constituindo espaços de subjetividade que contrastam com o discurso normativo sobre as práticas do campo. O artigo sugere um caminho para a análise televisiva que leve em conta o diálogo entre os estudos culturais e a semiótica e, pela demonstração do trabalho empírico, identifica articulações possíveis entre marcas formais instituídas e novas formas de performatização da notícia no telejornal de rede brasileiro.Palavras-chave: análise televisiva; performance; telejornal.Abstract: Between technicalities and ritual practices: contemporary forms of performance in television newscasts -Seeking to contribute to the methodological refinement of the analysis of television shows, this paper proposes an approach to newscasts that considers the communication dimension and favors the interpretation of their material, cultural, and symbolic forms. This study focuses on analyzing reporters' performances that foster a virtual interaction with the viewer and generate subjective areas that contrast with the normative discourse on field practices. The article suggests a path to television analysis that considers the dialogue between cultural studies and semiotics. By presenting empirical work, it also identifies possible links between established formal marks and new forms of performance in the Brazilian television news network.

O testemunho na TV: 'Profissão Repórter' e a encenação da encenação

“…More recent studies, such as those of Fausto Neto (2011) and Gutmann (2013), do not only take televised staging as a precondition, they have also started to consider the subjects of this enunciation as legitimate actors in performance -and no longer as intermediaries whose contribution takes place implicitly, in an attempt to erase all traces of mediation. According to Gutmann, in televised programs, specific performances are embodied by the speaking subjects, depending on the type of interaction proposed between the instances of production and knowledge of the news; and that, in order to engage the announcers of this process, they must also recognize positions and places of action represented in the texts, even while they are virtual bodies/ performances (GUTMANN, 2013, p.7).…”

“…But this modification of the enunciative ritual does not mean, beforehand, a radical transformation of televised strategy. As Gutmann (2013) analyzes in relation to this repositioning of television reporters, in these cases, the subject of the narrator is not just a reporter, somebody who tells us about something that occurred with third parties, he is also an actor, subject of the action which is included in the reported fact, signaling toward a sort of poetic inversion for the same intended effect: authenticity of accounts (GUTMANN, 2013, p.17).…”

“…Recent studies on television have increasingly perceived the role assumed by the reporters and anchors in news programs, as well as the narratives they weave about the events (CASADEI; VENANCIO, 2012;FAUSTO NETO, 2011;FECHINE, 2008;GUTMANN, 2013). As a corollary, anchors and reporters end up taking a central place in the studies focused on the systems of news program visibility.…”

“…On the one hand, the places of bodies and of speaking of announcers and reporters change, becoming more flexible, and they start effectively filling the scenes of events as "actors" (FAUSTO NETO, 2011;GUTMANN, 2013). On the other hand, they come to be seen beyond their mediation role -or, in this case, would it be better to say intermediation?…”

As favelas nas intrigas do telejornal: o caso do Parceiros do MGTV

“…A princípio, o quadro foi um esforço -feito também em outras praças da emissora carioca -de ampliar seu contato com comunidades tidas como periféricas (em geral favelas, bairros pobres e/ou cidades de áreas conturbadas), fortalecendo assim seu jornalismo local e o vínculo com as cidades e regiões em que vai ao ar. Nesse sentido, a produção do quadro está articulada, por um lado, às transformações por que passa o telejornalismo local brasileiro, marcado pelo esforço de comunicação, de estabelecimento de proximidade e, consequentemente, de renovação de seus formatos e modos de relação com o público (Becker, 2012;Frazão e Brasil, 2013;Gomes, 2011;Gutmann, 2014aGutmann, , 2014b. Apesar desse esforço, não são raras as análises que, como explicita Becker (2012), apontam para um "apagamento da alteridade" de sujeitos e realidades sociais, ainda que visibilizados temporariamente.…”