Allozyme and cytogenetic analysis in two species of Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Paraguai River basin, Brazil: occurrence of B microchromosome and intrapopulation heterochromatic polymorphism in H. boulengeri

Abstract

Hypostomus is distributed by Central and South America basins, with diverse species with taxonomic conflicts. This way, the integration of auxiliary techniques contributes to understanding the systematics and phylogeny of the group. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the Hypostomus cochliodon and H. boulengeri from the Onça stream (Paraguai River basin) by allozyme and cytogenetic techniques. Hypostomus boulengeri showed a diploid number of 68 chromosomes (14m+14sm+18st+22a), multiple NOR revealed by Ag-NOR and 18S rDNA FISH, a polymorphism of heterochromatin in acrocentrics and the presence of B microchromosome. Hypostomus cochliodon showed a diploid number of 64 chromosomes (16m+26sm+14st+8a); despite the single NOR, some individuals showed NOR in both telomeres detected by Ag-NOR and 18S rDNA FISH. Isozyme identified two diagnostic loci (Idh-A and Gdh-A) between the two species and multiple loci with unique alleles in H. boulengeri. The genetic variability indicated by the mean heterozygosity (He) was 0.2461 and 0.0309 in H. boulengeri and H. cochliodon,respectively.Thus, this study reports the first cytogenetic data for H. boulengeri and the first isozymatic data for H. boulengeri and H. cochliodon. The two species presented evident cytogenetic and isoenzymatic differences with the obtaining of exclusive genetic markers providing support for future evolutionary studies in the group.