Acute copper toxicity in juvenile fat snook Centropomus parallelus (Teleostei: Centropomidae) in sea water

Abstract

Three experiments were designed to assess the accumulation and acute toxicity of copper (Cu) in juvenile fat snook Centropomus parallelus. The first experiment was performed to determine the 96-h lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of Cu. The second experiment was designed to assess the effects of sublethal concentrations of Cu (0.47 and 0.94 mg/L), while the third one allowed us to test the recovery capacity of fish exposed to the sublethal concentrations Cu and kept in sea water without Cu addition. The LC 50 value for Cu was found to be 1.88 mg/L Cu. Fish exposed to the sublethal concentrations of Cu showed a significant accumulation of Cu in gills at 96 h respect to the control ones (0.43 µg/g Cu). No significant difference was observed in the accumulation of Cu in gills between fish exposed to 0.47 mg/L (1.09 µg/g Cu) and 0.94 mg/L (1.26 µg/g Cu). Exposure (24 and 96 h) to the sublethal concentrations of Cu tested induced DNA damage in the erythrocytes. The results show that acute exposure to sublethal concentrations induces Cu accumulation and DNA damage in fish, these effects being recovered after 240 h in sea water without Cu addition.Três experimentos foram realizados para avaliar o acúmulo e toxicidade aguda do cobre (Cu) em juvenis de robalo-peva Centropomus parallelus. O primeiro experimento foi realizado para determinar a concentração letal (96h-CL 50 ) de Cu. O segundo experimento foi realizado para avaliar os efeitos de concentrações subletais de Cu (0,47 e 0,94 mg/L), enquanto o terceiro permitiu testar a capacidade de recuperação dos peixes expostos a concentrações subletais do Cu e posteriormente mantidos em água do mar sem acréscimo de Cu. O valor de LC 50 encontrado para o Cu foi de 1,88 mg/L. Os peixes expostos as concentrações subletais de Cu mostraram um acúmulo significativo nas brânquias em relação ao controle em 96 h de exposição (0,43 µg/g Cu). Nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada entre os peixes expostos a 0,47 mg/L de Cu (1,09 µg/g) e 0,94 mg/L de Cu (1,26 µg/g). A exposição (24 e 96 h) para as concentrações subletais de Cu induziram danos no DNA. Os resultados mostram que a exposição aguda a concentrações subletais induz o acúmulo de Cu e danos ao DNA nas brânquias dos peixes, onde estes efeitos são recuperados após 240 h em água do mar sem adição de Cu.

A protocol for identifying suitable biomarkers to assess fish health: A systematic review

“…apoptosis). DNA strand breaks can be assessed using the comet assay and has been examined in 14 studies [ 96 , 99 , 100 , 116 , 127 , 132 , 133 , 137 , 155 , 158 – 162 ] ( S20 Table ). Eight out of the eleven field studies reported a significant increase in DNA damage following metal exposure [ 99 , 127 , 132 , 155 , 159 – 162 ], including two of the potential suitable fish species ( Table 2 ) namely E .…”

“…Micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities in fish erythrocytes were examined in twelve studies [ 84 , 90 , 96 , 100 , 112 , 114 , 116 , 127 , 132 , 158 , 160 , 162 ] ( S20 Table ). Eleven of these identified abnormalities when exposed to contaminated sediment in the field or to Cu in toxicity testing [ 90 , 96 , 100 , 112 , 114 , 116 , 127 , 132 , 158 , 160 , 162 ], including in M . cephalus [ 114 , 160 ].…”

Toxic, physiological, histomorphological, growth performance and antiparasitic effects of copper sulphate in fish aquaculture

“…Fish live in intimate contact with the water through their gills, of which the surface comprises over half of the body surface area and its delicate gill epithelium separates the internal environment from the external environment Basirun et al, 2019;Afaghi and Zare, 2020). Centropomus parallelus exposed to the sublethal concentrations of CuSO 4 of 0.47 and 0.94 mg L − 1 showed an accumulation of copper in gills after 96 h, but no differences were shown between exposure concentrations (Oliveira et al, 2014). Gills can store a large amount of copper ions because fish have an extensive surface area and minimal diffusion distance between dissolved oxygen and blood capillaries for efficient gas exchange.…”

“…Exposure to the sublethal concentrations of copper sulphate for 24 and 96 h induced DNA damages in blood erythrocytes. Despite acute exposure to sublethal concentrations inducing the accumulation of ionic copper and DNA damages in fish, recovery is shown after 240 h in seawater without the addition of copper sulphate (Oliveira et al, 2014).…”