Benign masseteric hypertrophy (BMH), which results in a strong, masculineappearing jaw, is common in the Asian population, and there is great interest in BMH treatment in Korea. 1 BMH arises from various etiologies, including temporomandibular joint disorders, bruxism, mental stress, and work hypertrophy from chewing. 2,3 To improve BMH, conservative or surgical treatments have been attempted as treatment options. 4,5 There have been many studies on BMH treatment using botulinum toxin A (BTA), a 150-kD polypeptide consisting of a light chain and a heavy chain linked by disulfide bonds. [6][7][8] Especially in the case of BMH caused by bruxism, botulinum toxin relieves the symptoms of bruxism and shrinks the enlarged masseter muscle. 9 Therefore, it is used as a treatment option because it can achieve the double effect of improving the jaw line cosmetically while improving the condition of the teeth. The botulinum toxin injection method has distinct advantages, Background: Benign masseteric hypertrophy (BMH) is a condition in which the thickness of the masseter muscle is increased, resulting in jawline prominence with an undesirable cosmetic appearance. Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injection is a promising treatment option, but its effective dose remains debated. Methods: Adults older than 19 diagnosed with BMH through visual examination and palpation related to a masseter muscle prominence were selected, and 80 patients were randomly assigned into five groups (placebo group and four groups with different doses of BTA: 24 U, 48 U, 72 U, or 96 U, on both sides of the jaw) and treated with placebo or BTA once at their baseline visit. During each follow-up, the treatment efficacy was evaluated with ultrasound examination of the masseter muscle, three-dimensional facial contour analysis, visual evaluation by the investigator, and patient satisfaction evaluation. Results: The mean age of the 80 patients was 42.7 ± 9.98 years; 68.75% were women. The mean change in masseter muscle thickness during the maximum clenching state after 12 weeks of drug administration compared with baseline in the 24-U, 48-U, 72-U, and 96-U groups were −2.33 ± 0.41 mm, −3.35 ± 0.42 mm, −2.86 ± 0.42 mm, and −3.79 ± 0.42 mm, respectively. All treatment groups showed a statistically significant decrease compared with placebo. Regarding subjective satisfaction, all treatment groups, except the 24-U group at 4 weeks, showed higher satisfaction than the placebo group during all visits. No significant adverse events were noted. Conclusion: BTA administration of at least 48 U for BMH is more cost-effective than high-dose units and has a low risk of side effects.