Quantitative evaluation of tongue pressure in children with oral breathing

Abstract

Objective: to quantify tongue pressure in children with oral breathing and to describe their respiratory clinical manifestations, comparing them to the objective evaluation Methods: the study was performed with 60 children, four to nine years old, treated at the outpatient clinics of the Pernambuco Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Pernambuco, distributed into two groups, with and without oral breathing. The collection consisted of a survey of respiratory clinical manifestations, application of the protocol on respiratory mode and assessment of tongue pressure, using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Results: male predominance and correlation between diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and/or nasal obstruction and the clinical diagnosis of oral breathing were observed. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for usual position of open lips, open mouth, sagging facial expression muscles, narrow nostrils, shortened upper and everted lower lip. The mean tongue pressure in children with oral and nasal breathing presented a mean of 38.27 Kpa and 53.73 Kpa, respectively. Conclusion: tongue pressure decreased in children with oral breathing, corroborating that which is reported in the literature. There was agreement between the results of respiratory clinical characteristics and the objective evaluation.

Impact of the Habit of Mouth Breathing on the Development of the Stomatognathic System- Literature Review

“…Santos, Paolantonio, Araújo, among others, mention that mouth breathing prevents saliva from fulfilling its function, with susceptibility to bacterial plaque, causing acidogenic oral microflora, which induces gingival inflammation, dental caries and halitosis (graphs 1,2,3,4) [2][3][4]10,24,27,28,[37][38][39]. It is common for mouth breathing to be associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, allergic rhinitis, asthma or habit mouth breathing.…”

“…The literature has reported the presence of halitosis, a pathological condition in which the breath is unpleasantly altered due to salivary reduction; it has a negative effect on the self-cleaning of the mouth and causes odoriferous volatile compounds. It has been reported from weak but noticeable odors to moderate odors in a high percentage of children [3,4,10,24].…”

“…Mouth breathers need more time and chewing activity due to low muscle tone [9]. The pressure of the tongue in mouth breathers is lower in relation to nasal breathers, Bezerra et al reported that tongue pressure in mouth breathers was 38.27 kPa and in nasal breathers it was 53.73 kPa [10].…”

A Importância Da Atividade Física Na Terceira Idade

“…Foram utilizados como critérios de exclusão aqueles que se apresentaram como portadores de doenças respiratórias ou congestionamento nasal, usuários de medicamentos descongestionantes, portadores de desvio de septo, hipertensão arterial e que apresentavam alergia ao látex (Balbani et al, 1999;Branco et al, 2007;Santos et al,2019). Subsequentemente os voluntários selecionados foram submetidos ao teste de contato para identificação de sensibilidades dérmicas, onde foi fixado uma fração de 1cm² da tira dilatadora nasal da marca Respire Melhor ® , que foi utilizada para a pesquisa, na região anterior medial do antebraço conforme demonstrado na figura 01.…”

Nasal airflow measures and peak inspiratory flow in mouth-breathing children before and after nasal cleansing and massage maneuvers

“…Despite the usefulness and validity of these instruments, these quantitative methods are scarcely used to assess mouth breathing in speech-language-hearing clinical practice. Given the importance of nasal patency to establish physiological nasal breathing 15 (as nasal obstruction negatively impacts stomatognathic functions) and precisely analyze treatments, techniques that include these assessments can benefit clinical practice 16 .…”