Epidermal cyst: a rare case report in a 5-month-old child

Abstract

The epidermal cyst is a rare, benign lesion, usually asymptomatic and slowly enlarging, more frequently located in the submandibular region. Its etiology is believed to be associated with the epithelial residual tissues retained in the midline during the closure of the first and second brachial arches, in the third and fourth weeks of intra-uterine life. Its clinical characteristics are of a rubbery consistency to palpation, well defined borders, with the absence of skin appendages within their squamous epithelium lined walls. The final diagnosis is confirmed through histopathological examination with stratified squamous epithelium findings in the cystic fluid lumen or keratin. The treatment is usually surgical and without recurrence and the final diagnosis is confirmed through histopathological examination. This paper aims to present a case report of a congenital epidermal cyst in a 5-month-old female patient located in the mouth floor near the sublingual gland duct. The case was treated with excisional biopsy and after follow-up, there was no recurrence.