Perfil Socioeconômico e Racial de Estudantes de Medicina em uma Universidade Pública do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

Introduction: There are still many economic and racial barriers for black and indigenous peoples regarding access to a university degree in Brazil. Although Brazil is mistakenly considered a racial democracy, black people, indigenous peoples and those of low social status are the most affected by such difficulties regarding access to the university. Medical schools are traditionally attended by white, wealthy and upper-middle-class groups, although 54% of Brazilians consider themselves to be African descendants. To deal with this scenario, since 2013, 50% of all vacancies in public universities have been reserved for low social classes, indigenous peoples and African descendants. Our objective was to describe the socioeconomic and racial profile of those attending a public medical school in the state of Rio de Janeiro during a five-year period, analyzing the associations between the Brazilian segregationist structure and inclusion policies. Method: A census study was carried out, including all groups that entered the medical school at a public university in the state of Rio de Janeiro between 2013 and 2017. We applied a self-administered questionnaire that addressed social, ethnic, economic and university admission aspects. The data were analyzed by a simple description of the frequencies and by bivariate analysis. Results: The results show that the majority profile is white, with an annual income higher than US$ 8,640, coming from a private school, with financial support from the family, both parents with higher education and no gender difference. As for the inclusion of non-white people into the course, the current quota system has not significantly increased their presence. Conclusion: We conclude that racial inclusion policies subordinated to economic ones seem to be a barrier to the entry of non-whites to medical school, contributing to racial inequality.

Fluctuation of academic performance of medical students selected by affirmative action policies (PIMESP)

“…It must be borne in mind that attending academic leagues requires time, which can be precious for the quota student not only to minimize any shortcomings of lower quality elementary and high school education than their peers had, but also to try to balance the problems resulting from socioeconomic conditions, as the literature shows that quota students, regardless of the modality, for the most part do not receive financial help from the family 33 .…”

Flutuação do desempenho acadêmico de alunos de medicina selecionados por políticas afirmativas (PIMESP)

“…Há que se levar em conta que frequentar ligas acadêmicas requer tempo, que pode ser precioso para o aluno cotista não só para minimizar as eventuais deficiências dos ensinos básico e médio de qualidade inferior ao que seus colegas tiveram, mas também para procurar equilibrar os problemas resultantes das condições socioeconômicas, já que a literatura mostra que alunos cotistas, independentemente da modalidade, em sua grande maioria não recebem ajuda financeira da família 33 .…”

O estresse do estudante de Medicina durante a pandemia de COVID-19

“…Em geral, os cursos de Medicina apresentaram por muitos anos um perfil predominante de estudantes: sexo masculino, de classes sociais mais elevadas, provenientes de grandes centros urbanos. Todavia, atualmente percebe-se uma mudança neste perfil, tanto nos entrevistados da pesquisa quanto nos estudos recentes, relacionadas a mudanças nos processos de admissão, como ações afirmativas e sistemas de cotas, visando ampliar o acesso às instituições públicas de ensino superior (Souza et al, 2020). Além disso, nota-se um processo de aumento marcante do sexo feminino na profissão médica, quanto nas faculdades de medicina, conforme o resultado da pesquisa.…”