Quality of life of older adults during periods of epidemiological control of the COVID-19 pandemic: associated factors

Abstract

Objective To investigate the association of physical and mental impairment scores on the Quality of Life instrument among older users of Community Centers with sociodemographic factors, characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder and leisure practices during periods of epidemiological control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in a capital city in the southeast region of Brazil at four Community Centers for the Third Age. The final sample comprised 345 older adults and data collection took place between June and December 2022. The dependent variable Quality of Life was analyzed using the eight domains of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey and the measures Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary, which were dichotomized (below average and above average). Results On simple logistic regression, participants who had over 10 years of formal education, no characteristics of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and who performed more leisure activities were more likely to score above the mean on both physical and mental components of Quality of Life. Conclusion The study revealed that more vulnerable participants had worse quality of life. The transient nature of the pandemic highlights the need for robust adaptable public policies that can respond effectively to future health crises, and for cross-sectoral policies that not only address immediate needs during health emergencies but also promote healthy aging in a sustainable manner.