Efeitos da crise económica e das políticas de austeridade na saúde e no acesso aos cuidados de saúde da população migrante em países do sul da Europa: revisão scoping

Abstract

Resumo O objectivo deste artigo é reunir e sintetizar o conhecimento existente sobre o impacto da crise económica e das consequentes políticas de austeridade no estado de saúde e no acesso aos cuidados de saúde das populações migrantes em países do sul da Europa, nomeadamente Portugal, Espanha, Itália e Grécia. Os resultados analisados indicam que a crise económica e as políticas de austeridade tiveram um impacto negativo na saúde e no acesso aos cuidados de saúde dos migrantes em três países, já que não se encontraram dados relativos a Portugal. Os seus efeitos negativos espelham-se na saúde mental, saúde ocupacional, doenças transmissíveis e não transmissíveis, saúde infantil e na perceção subjetiva de saúde. A acessibilidade dos cuidados de saúde tornou-se mais limitada em Espanha, especialmente para a população de imigrantes em situação irregular.

Accessibility, Search and Use of Health Services by Children of Migrants in Portugal: Integrative Literature Review

“…Conditions such as school failure, problems with social adaptation, tending to be inserted in sectors of social precariousness, precarious housing, little socio-economic support when buying food or medicines, the high number of the household and nutritional deficits related to inadequate food are decisive for this situation. This way, these children more often have serious illnesses and health risk behaviors, leading to late diagnosis and treatment, especially infectious diseases, respiratory and parasitic infections and nutritional problems (Estrela, 2009;Ramos, 2009;Jordão et al al. 2018).…”

“…However, with regard to child care related to health promotion and disease prevention, such as vaccination, adherence is lower when compared to the demand for health services in an emergency or illness in advanced stage (Topa et al 2013;Jordão et al 2018).…”

“…The constant entry of migrants into our country requires analyzing the capacity of the national health service (NHS) to respond to their needs (Jordão, et al, 2018). Currently, the SNS guarantees the entire population residing in Portugal, regardless of their origin, the health care necessary for their wellbeing.…”

“…The studies analyzed are unanimous in presenting a range of factors that point to the poor accessibility of the migrant population, namely the child population, to health care provided by the state. Thus, in order to obtain an appropriate response to the needs of migrant populations, both recipients and health care providers, "would need to learn to integrate cultural factors in the definition of health and disease states, as these strongly condition the attitudes and behaviors of migrant individuals" (Estrela, 2009, p.45), ensuring an interconnection as well as proactivity between the child and their families and the multidisciplinary team (Jordão, et al, 2018). At the beginning of the 21st century, Portugal became a choice for migrants, leading to the development of policies that allowed their integration.…”

“…Results: When compared to the non-migrant population, the migrant population has less accessibility to health services, despite being offered the means to enjoy primary health care (Estrela, 2009;Padilla, et al, 2013;Matos, et al, 2015). In addition, they are a group that makes little use of health services, making use mainly of the Emergency Department (Estrela, 2009;Ramos, 2009;Topa et al, 2013;Jordão et al, 2018). Conclusion: Differences in accessibility, demand and use of health services in the migrant population are explained by the fear of being extradited, by the scarcity of health and legal information.…”