Dual-task during gait between elderly with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer: systematic review

Abstract

Introduction: Studies report that mobility changes could be present in early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or even in previous stages, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The use of motor tests, involving dual task, could facilitate screening and differentiation between elderly with AD and MCI. Objective: to verify if gait tests associated with secondary tasks could differentiate elderly with AD and MCI. Methods: We conducted a systematic review in Pubmed, Web of Science, Medline and Scielo databases. Of the articles included, we collected information about year of the study, characteristics of the sample and the dual task test studied. Results: The databases were accessed during November 2014 and August 2015 and a total of 198 scientific papers was obtained. After reading first the summaries and then the full texts, five studies were inserted in the review. Elderly with AD presented a reduction of gait speed and stride length, using executive functions and countdown as secondary cognitive tasks. The type of MCI appears to influence the differentiation with AD. Conclusion: The review showed that some gait tests associated with a secondary task differentiate elderly with AD and MCI. It emphasizes the need of new studies involving this issue in order to obtain cut-off points and facilitate prevention, early diagnosis and observation of cognitive impairment's evolution in clinical practice of elderly.

Assessment of Brain Function in Patients With Cognitive Impairment Based on fNIRS and Gait Analysis

“…Cognitive impairment generally follows neurodegenerative disorders and can also be used as a precursor to neurodegenerative disease to implement interventions to prevent neurodegenerative disorder (Joe and Ringman, 2019 ). Although the main clinical manifestation of cognitive impairment is impairment in learning and memory thinking, motor impairment or gait impairment is also an important dimension in the early screening of neurodegenerative disorder in older adults (Li et al, 2016 ; Bragatto et al, 2017 ).…”

“…In particular, the dependence of gait on cognitive ability is more obvious in older adults with cognitive impairment (Gillain et al, 2013 ). Dual-task walking (DTW) consists of a primary task and a sub-task, in which walking is the primary task and the other task is the sub-task (Falbo et al, 2016 ; Bragatto et al, 2017 ). During dual-task walking, gait will be affected compared to single-task walking.…”

The Role of Gait Speed in Dementia: A Secondary Analysis from the SABE Colombia Study

“…Recently, GS evaluation in association with cognitive tasks was defined as a new biomarker for Alzheimer disease [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. The prevalence of GS and balance disorders is approximately 25% in older adults with Alzheimer disease, 79% in those with vascular dementia, and 75% in Lewy body dementia [34].…”