Clinical profile of newborns undergoing physical therapy in a neonatal intensive care unit

Abstract

Introduction: In neonatal therapy units, physical therapy is directed toward integral baby care. Objective: To describe the profile of newborns (NBs) hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods: Retrospective documentary study with data collection from medical records from July 2011 to July 2013. The sample consisted of NBs who performed motor and respiratory therapy. Data were grouped into five categories according to birth weight (≤ 1000g, 1001-1500g, 1501-2000g, 2001-2500g, ≥ 2501g). Results: total of 1,884 newborns were admitted to the NICU within the stipulated period, 168 (13.9%) underwent physical therapy. Of the 168 NBs who underwent physical therapy, 137 were born in the hospital (81.5%) and 31 were transferred there (18.5%); 17 of these babies died during the neonatal hospital stay (10.1%). All newborns of the extremely low birth weight group (≤ 1000g) required mechanical ventilation, 72.7% non-invasive ventilation and 16.6% high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. The occurrence of pneumothorax in the extremely low birth weight group was 13.8% and 16% in the group with birth weight 1001-1500g. Conclusion: Infants with low birth weight (<2500g) constituted the profile of NBs who underwent physical therapy, which was directly related to higher incidence of death and pneumothorax, as well as increased use of mechanical and non-invasive ventilation.

The relationship between the different low birth weight strata of newborns with infant mortality and the influence of the main health determinants in the extreme south of Brazil

“…An Apgar Index of less than seven in the fifth minute of life demonstrated a low vitality of the newborns and was related to a high incidence for infant mortality, concluding that the extremely low birth weight represents an epidemiological parameter of survival for the newborn. Corroborating with these findings, another study, performed at the neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital in the city of Porto Alegre, analyzed the clinical profile of newborns and observed that all newborns in the ELBW stratum required pulmonary ventilation (72.7% non-invasive and 16.6% high frequency) [14].…”

Avaliação comparativa em curto prazo dos parâmetros fisiológicos e variáveis cardiopulmonares em recém-nascidos internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal antes e após intervenção fisioterapêutica

“…Além disso, apresenta elevada morbidade associada, tendo como uma de suas principais complicações a displasia broncopulmonar, que compromete ainda mais o prognóstico de prematuros, em curto e longo prazo (Macêdo, Leite, Cunha, Farias & Souza, 2018). Os bebês internados podem desenvolver ou potencializar uma série de agravos ao desenvolvimento neuro-sensório-motor, sendo imprescindível a assistência multiprofissional em tempo integral (Antunes, Silva, Bocardo, Daher, Faggioto & Rugolo et al 2006;Maia, 2016;Biazus & Kupke, 2016).…”

“…O fisioterapeuta que atua nessa área é responsável pela avaliação fisioterapêutica e prevenção cinética funcional (de todo e qualquer sistema do corpo humano que seja necessário) assim como, por intervenções de tratamento (fisioterapia respiratória e/ou motora), atuando junto à equipe multiprofissional em alterações causadas pela síndrome de aspiração de mecônio, síndrome do desconforto respiratório, pneumonia, atelectasia, controle e aplicação de gases, ventilação pulmonar mecânica (VPM) invasiva e não invasiva (VNI), protocolos de desmame e extubação da VPM, entre outros (Antunes et al, 2006;Maia, 2016;Biazus & Kupke, 2016;Johnston, Zanetti, Comaru, Ribeiro, Andrade & Santos et al 2012). Somado a isso, suas técnicas promovem relaxamento muscular, posicionamento terapêutico, auto-organização sensória motora e conhecimento do próprio corpo, além de reconhecimento do ambiente extrauterino, estimulando seu desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (Silveira, 2021).…”