Feasibility of action observation effect on gait and mobility in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients

Hnin, Htet Htet; Bovonsunthonchai, Sunee; Witthiwej, Theerapol; Vachalathiti, Roongtiwa; Ariyaudomkit, Rattapha

doi:10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-010008

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 49 publications

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“…The most common form of hydrocephalus in ‘adults’ is iNPH ( Williams and Malm, 2016 ), which is often confused with AD due to similarities in symptoms ( Graff-Radford, 2014 ; Yamada et al, 2016 ). Although the cognitive impairment can be confused between the NPH and AD, gait dysfunction is a primary differentiating feature, which is present in NPH but not in AD ( He D. et al, 2021 ; He M. et al, 2021 ; Chunyan et al, 2021 ; Davis et al, 2021 ; Hnin et al, 2021 ; Jeong et al, 2021 ; Kuruvithadam et al, 2021 ; Morel et al, 2021 ; Nikaido et al, 2021 ; Tang et al, 2021 ; Yamada et al, 2021 ; Maier et al, 2022 ; Nikaido et al, 2022 ; Sun et al, 2022 ; Suzuki et al, 2022 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

TRPV4 mRNA is elevated in the caudate nucleus with NPH but not in Alzheimer’s disease

et al. 2022

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Symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are somewhat similar, and it is common to misdiagnose these two conditions. Although there are fluid markers detectable in humans with NPH and AD, determining which biomarker is optimal in representing genetic characteristics consistent throughout species is poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize that NPH can be differentiated from AD with mRNA biomarkers of unvaried proximity to telomeres. We examined human caudate nucleus tissue samples for the expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) and amyloid precursor protein (APP). Using the genome data viewer, we analyzed the mutability of TRPV4 and other genes in mice, rats, and humans through matching nucleotides of six genes of interest and one house keeping gene with two factors associated with high mutation rate: 1) proximity to telomeres or 2) high adenine and thymine (A + T) content. We found that TRPV4 and microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) mRNA were elevated in NPH. In AD, mRNA expression of TRPV4 was unaltered unlike APP and other genes. In mice, rats, and humans, the nucleotide size of TRPV4 did not vary, while in other genes, the sizes were inconsistent. Proximity to telomeres in TRPV4 was <50 Mb across species. Our analyses reveal that TRPV4 gene size and mutability are conserved across three species, suggesting that TRPV4 can be a potential link in the pathophysiology of chronic hydrocephalus in aged humans (>65 years) and laboratory rodents at comparable ages.

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