Catatonia, beyond a psychiatric syndrome

Figueiredo, Nathália Stela Visoná de; Angst, Débora Bartzen Moraes; Neto, Antônio de Matos Lima; Machado, Michel Ferreira; Rocha, Maria Sheila Guimarães; Brucki, Sônia Maria Dozzi

doi:10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-020015

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Catatonia is heterogeneous in presentation and cause. In this case, report, we describe the first case to our knowledge of catatonia associated with acute COVID-19 [4]. In our case, the cause could multifactorial either due to direct or indirect effect of covid-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…However, Due to this low level of awareness catatonia among general medical doctors is likely to be underdiagnosed which subject the patient to increased risk of morbidity and a potentially fatal outcome [3]. In view of infectious cause for catatonia, the pathogenesis is thought to be due to either a direct toxic effect of pathogen or an immune response [1,4]. Despite that Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) known to cause severe acute respiratory symptoms, surprisingly, there have been reports of neurologic symptoms [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case Report: Covid-19 and Catatonia

Alsaadi¹,

Program²,

AlHashmi³

2021

J Neurol Res Rev Rep

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Covid-19 and Catatonia

Alsaadi¹,

Program²,

AlHashmi³

2021

J Neurol Res Rev Rep

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“…In other words, they reported that the cortico‐basal ganglia loop and cortico‐cortical circuit were impaired. Recent reports have also shown a correlation between nonconvulsive status epilepticus and catalepsy after stroke 7 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

A case of catalepsy after multiple cerebral infarctions

Maeda

Okawara

Osakabe

et al. 2023

Neurology & Clinical Neurosc

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Reports of stroke‐related catalepsy and other catatonia syndromes are rare. A 68‐year‐old man was admitted to a local hospital 10 days prior for heart failure. He subsequently developed multiple cerebral infarctions and was referred to our hospital for emergency care. He spontaneously opened his eyes but did not speak. He had hemiparesis on the right side. Diffusion‐weighted imaging revealed high‐intensity areas in the left frontal and parietal lobes and right cerebellar hemisphere. Rehabilitation therapy was initiated in the acute stage. When he was instructed to raise his left upper limb 90°, he maintained the posture for more than 5 min. We hypothesized that catatonia syndromes, including catalepsy, were caused by damage to the orbitofrontal, premotor, supplementary motor cortices, and basal forebrain. These abnormalities disappeared after 4 months. Catalepsy may also be observed in organic central nervous system diseases, such as stroke, and should be considered in stroke care.

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“…Some general medical conditions may also present with catatonic symptoms or place patients at a higher risk of catatonia, and several case reports have been published on the subject. These case reports include conditions such as hyponatremia, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and liver transplantation, among others [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Patients taking benzodiazepines or clozapine are also at risk of developing catatonia after withdrawal from these medications [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catatonia: Clinical Overview of the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Clinical Challenges

Edinoff

Kaufman

Hollier

et al. 2021

Neurology International

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Catatonia is a syndrome that has been associated with several mental illness disorders but that has also presented as a result of other medical conditions. Schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders such as mania and depression are known to be associated with catatonia; however, several case reports have been published of certain medical conditions inducing catatonia, including hyponatremia, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and liver transplantation. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis are also prominent causes of catatonia. Patients taking benzodiazepines or clozapine are also at risk of developing catatonia following the withdrawal of these medications—it is speculated that the prolonged use of these medications increases gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity and that discontinuation may increase excitatory neurotransmission, leading to catatonia. The treatment of catatonia often involves the use of benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam, that can be used in combination therapy with antipsychotics. Definitive treatment may be found with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Aberrant neuronal activity in different motor pathways, defective neurotransmitter regulation, and impaired oligodendrocyte function have all been proposed as the pathophysiology behind catatonia. There are many clinical challenges that come with catatonia and, as early treatment is associated with better outcomes, it becomes imperative to understand these challenges. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide an overview of these challenges and to look at clinical studies regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of as well as the complications and risk factors associated with catatonia.

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Catatonia, beyond a psychiatric syndrome

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Case Report: Covid-19 and Catatonia

Case Report: Covid-19 and Catatonia

A case of catalepsy after multiple cerebral infarctions

Catatonia: Clinical Overview of the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Clinical Challenges

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