Symptoms of depression in patients with mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease

Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate the most frequent depressive symptoms and their association with cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods48 patients with PD and 44 controls (CG), aged between 50 and 80 years and with at least 4 years of formal education, all with MCI and none diagnosed with depression, were assessed. Patients and controls were matched for age, education, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. Participants underwent clinical evaluation with a neurologist followed by neuropsychological assessment employing the instruments: MMSE, Clock Drawing Test, Verbal Fluency Test (semantic and phonemic), Figures Memory Test (FMT), Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, Digit Span (WAIS III), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Hooper Visual Organization Test, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).ResultsThe most frequent depressive symptoms in the PD group were: difficulty working, fatigue and sleep disorders (the latter also being present in CG). BDI score correlated negatively with learning and recognition memory in both groups. Episodic memory, evaluated by the FMT and RAVLT tests, was the cognitive function showing greatest impairment.ConclusionSome of the depressive symptoms observed in PD patients with MCI seem to be attributable to complications of PD, while others are common to both PD and MCI, making differential diagnoses complex but crucial.

Regional changes in the type 1 cannabinoid receptor are associated with cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease

“…Since our PD patients reported a wide range in disease duration (from 1 to 14 years), and considering the known impact of age and disease duration on cognitive, mood and behavioral symptoms [33][34], all the correlation analyses were controlled for age and disease duration. Although there is evidence that depression is associated with cognitive impairment in PD [56], our (study) PD patients reported similar BDI scores compared to controls. For this reason, it is unlikely that the observed cognitive deficits are due to their affective state.…”

Hippocampal correlates of episodic memory in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies

“…Episodic memory impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked to a decrease in functional ability (Cholerton et al., 2020), reduction in quality of life (Vasconcellos et al., 2019), and an increase in other neuropsychiatric symptoms (Dissanayaka et al., 2017; Malak et al., 2017). It has also been linked to more rapid disease progression (Tsiouris et al., 2020), which raises fundamental questions about the underlying neural mechanisms driving clinically significant changes in episodic memory.…”

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“…PD is a common clinical neurodegenerative disease, patients may develop dyskinesia that interferes with normal activity, neurological abnormalities and cognitive impairment may occur when the condition is serious, it then causes the corresponding dysfunction, which affects the health and quality of life of the patients (Malak et al, 2017). Therefore, it is of great significance to treat PD timely and effectively and reduce the occurrence of cognitive impairment.…”