Association between cognitive performance and sarcopenic obesity in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease

Cavazzotto, Timothy Gustavo; Campos, Caroline do Valle de; Mazur, Caryna Eurich; Silva, Danilo Fernandes da; Valério, Juliana Maria Silva; Vieira, Edgar Ramos; Silva, Weber Cláudio Francisco Nunes da; Bonini, Juliana Sartori

doi:10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2021-0039

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…46 In the study, in which 36 patients were included and sarcopenic obesity was evaluated with DEXA measurements, sarcopenic obesity was observed in 5 female patients. 47 The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was found to be 58.3%, although, unlike our study, the sarcopenic obesity prevalence in the mild and moderate dementia groups was similar. 48 In our study, 16.2% of the patients were prefrail and 78.3% were frail using the CFS, which assesses frailty across various domains.…”

Section: Variablescontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…On unfavorable outcomes, the sarcopenic obesity has an additional aggravating effect 46 . In the study, in which 36 patients were included and sarcopenic obesity was evaluated with DEXA measurements, sarcopenic obesity was observed in 5 female patients 47 . The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity was found to be 58.3%, although, unlike our study, the sarcopenic obesity prevalence in the mild and moderate dementia groups was similar 48 …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

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Prevalence of nutrition disorders and nutrition‐related conditions in older patients with Alzheimer's disease

et al. 2023

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BackgroundsAlzheimer's disease is frequently encountered with nutrition‐related conditions such as malnutrition, sarcopenia, frailty, overnutrition, and micronutrient abnormalities in older patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of nutrition disorders and nutrition‐related conditions in the same patient group.MethodsA total of 253 older patients with Alzheimer's disease underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment, which included nutrition‐related disorders, malnutrition via the Mini Nutritional Assessment‐Short Form (MNA‐SF), frailty via the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and sarcopenia was diagnosed according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People‐2 criteria.ResultsThe patients' mean age was 79.8 ± 6.5 years, and 58.1% were women. In our patients, 64.8% had malnutrition or were at risk of malnutrition; 38.3% had sarcopenia; 19.8% were prefrail; and 80.2% were frail. Malnutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia prevalence increased as the Alzheimer's disease stage progressed. Malnutrition was found to be significantly related with frailty scores via CFS (odds ratio [OR], 1.397; P = 0.0049) and muscle mass via fat‐free mass index (FFMI) (OR, 0.793; P = 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, age, MNA‐SF, and CFS were included in the model to detect the independent correlates of probable and confirmed sarcopenia. CFS was independently associated with probable and confirmed sarcopenia (OR, 1.822; P = 0.013; OR, 2.671; P = 0.001, respectively). Frailty was similarly related with FFMI (OR, 0.836; P = 0.031). Obesity was independently related with FFMI (OR, 0.688; P < 0.001).ConclusionIn conclusion, nutrition disorders and nutrition‐related conditions can present concurrently in patients with all stages of Alzheimer's disease; therefore, these frequent problems should be screened and diagnosed accordingly.

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Section: Variablescontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Prevalence of nutrition disorders and nutrition‐related conditions in older patients with Alzheimer's disease

et al. 2023

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“…Sarcopenia can also be influenced by associated obesity in some patients ( Jia et al, 2022 ; Muollo et al, 2022 ). Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in older individuals can influence other age- and sex-related conditions such as osteoporosis ( Edwards et al, 2015 ), cardiovascular fitness ( Billingsley et al, 2022 ), osteoarthritis ( Godziuk et al, 2020 ), and cognitive performance ( Cavazzotto et al, 2022 ), all affecting different subsets of post-menopausal females compared to age-matched males.…”

Section: Risk For Menopause-associated Msk Conditions and Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in musculoskeletal injury and disease risks across the lifespan: Are there unique subsets of females at higher risk than males for these conditions at distinct stages of the life cycle?

Hart

2023

Front. Physiol.

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Sex differences have been reported for diseases of the musculoskeletal system (MSK) as well as the risk for injuries to tissues of the MSK system. For females, some of these occur prior to the onset of puberty, following the onset of puberty, and following the onset of menopause. Therefore, they can occur across the lifespan. While some conditions are related to immune dysfunction, others are associated with specific tissues of the MSK more directly. Based on this life spectrum of sex differences in both risk for injury and onset of diseases, a role for sex hormones in the initiation and progression of this risk is somewhat variable. Sex hormone receptor expression and functioning can also vary with life events such as the menstrual cycle in females, with different tissues being affected. Furthermore, some sex hormone receptors can affect gene expression independent of sex hormones and some transitional events such as puberty are accompanied by epigenetic alterations that can further lead to sex differences in MSK gene regulation. Some of the sex differences in injury risk and the post-menopausal disease risk may be “imprinted” in the genomes of females and males during development and sex hormones and their consequences only modulators of such risks later in life as the sex hormone milieu changes. The purpose of this review is to discuss some of the relevant conditions associated with sex differences in risks for loss of MSK tissue integrity across the lifespan, and further discuss several of the implications of their variable relationship with sex hormones, their receptors and life events.

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Meta‐analysis on the interrelationship between sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia

Amini,

Ibn Hach,

Lapauw

et al. 2024

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Sarcopenia has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including cognitive dysfunction. However, its specific interrelationship with neurocognitive disorders such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other types of dementia has not been thoroughly explored. This meta‐analysis aims to summarize the existing evidence on this interrelationship. This systematic review was pre‐registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022366309) and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses 2020 guidelines. Databases, including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, SPORTDiscus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the data registry ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to 8 June 2023. Observational studies (cross‐sectional and cohort) and interventional studies reporting on the association and prevalence of sarcopenia in MCI, AD or other types of dementia in adults ≥50 years were included. For the meta‐analysis, pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the association of sarcopenia with the neurocognitive disorders using random‐effects/fixed‐effects models. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify potential sources of heterogeneity. A total of 77 studies consisting of 92 058 subjects were finally included in the qualitative analysis (71 cross‐sectional, 4 cohort and 2 interventional studies). Studies were heterogeneous, using different diagnostic criteria to define both sarcopenia and cognitive status. The majority of studies (n = 38) included Asian community‐dwelling older adults. Most studies investigated the association of sarcopenia with AD (33/77) and MCI (32/77). For studies focusing on other forms of dementia, two studies included Lewy body dementia and one study included Parkinson's dementia, whereas the remaining studies did not specify dementia aetiology (n = 21). Three cohort studies explored the association between sarcopenia and incident MCI, whereas only one cohort study explored the association between dementia and incident sarcopenia. Two interventional studies investigated whether an exercise programme could prevent the progression of sarcopenia in older adults with dementia or AD. The information for the meta‐analysis was extracted from 26 studies. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with MCI (pooled OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.42–1.76) (n = 14), AD (pooled OR = 2.97, 95% CI 2.15–4.08) (n = 3) and non‐AD dementia (pooled OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.09–2.58) (n = 9). The significance and magnitude of the associations differed in subgroup analyses by study design, population, definition of sarcopenia or used tool to measure cognitive status. This meta‐analysis showed that sarcopenia is significantly associated with MCI, AD and other types of dementia. These findings suggest the importance of early screening and prevention of sarcopenia in older people with cognitive dysfunction, although further longitudinal research is needed to clarify the causal relationship.

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Association between cognitive performance and sarcopenic obesity in older adults with Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Prevalence of nutrition disorders and nutrition‐related conditions in older patients with Alzheimer's disease

Prevalence of nutrition disorders and nutrition‐related conditions in older patients with Alzheimer's disease

Sex differences in musculoskeletal injury and disease risks across the lifespan: Are there unique subsets of females at higher risk than males for these conditions at distinct stages of the life cycle?

Meta‐analysis on the interrelationship between sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia

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