Geoprogrammatic disparities in the performance of tuberculosis indicators in the homeless population in Brazil: an ecological approach

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the performance and spatial distribution of tuberculosis control indicators in the homeless population in Brazil. Methods: Ecological study, which had the regions and federal units of Brazil as the unit of analysis. The indicators considered, referring to the period from 2015 to 2021, were: proportion of HIV testing, proportion of tuberculosis-HIV co-infection, proportion of directly observed treatment, and proportion of outcomes (cure, treatment abandonment and death). The calculation was performed on each ecological unit, as recommended by the Ministry of Health. For the production of geographic figures, the technique of natural breaks was used. Results: It was identified that people living on the streets had: low HIV testing, especially in Pará (71.7%); high proportion of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection, especially in Rio Grande do Sul (39.9%); and unsatisfactory implementation of directly observed treatment, mainly in Paraíba (7.7%). With regard to outcomes, there was a high rate of treatment abandonment, with a higher proportion in Roraima (52.9%), and a high number of deaths, with an emphasis on Mato Grosso do Sul (23.1%), which also recorded the worst cure rate (28.7%). Conclusion: There was evidence of poor performance of tuberculosis control indicators in homeless people, with heterogeneous distribution between states and regions of the country, and it is clear that most of them had insufficient results. These data raise the persistence of difficulties and challenges inherent to the implementation of tuberculosis control strategies for this population in the national territory.