Spatial distribution and temporal trends of AIDS in Brazil and regions between 2005 and 2020

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution and the temporal trend of the AIDS incidence rate in Brazil from 2005 to 2020. Methods: This is an ecological, temporal, and spatial study on AIDS cases in Brazil. Data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System were stratified by year of diagnosis, region of the country/municipalities of residence, and age group (over 13 years). Incidence rates were calculated for temporal estimation using the Joinpoint model, as well as Spatial Empirical Bayes (SEB) for spatial distribution, using the Kernel density estimator. Results: The incidence rate in Brazil, in 2020, was 17.69 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants. The general trend (2005–2020) was decrease in Brazil (Annual Percent Change – APC=-2.0%), in the Southeast (APC=-4.4%) and South (APC=-3.0%) regions. The North (APC=2.3%) showed an increase trend, whereas the Southeast and Midwest regions were stationary (p>0.05). Brazil, Southeast, South, and Midwest regions showed a decrease trend in most age groups. The Northeast and North regions showed an increase in the age groups of 13–29 years and 13–24 years, respectively. The Kernel estimator showed clusters with SEB above 30/10 thousand inhabitants in the states of Paraíba, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina. Conclusion: Brazil, the Southeast, and South regions showed a decrease in the incidence rate, whereas the North region increased and the Northeast and Midwest regions were stationary. The Southeast, South, and Northeast regions presented the largest clusters of SEB.

Índice De Hiv E Agravos No Brasil De 2018 a 2022

“…desigualdade social e a falta de serviços para grupos vulneráveis afetam o risco de infecção e o acesso ao tratamento. Nos países menos desenvolvidos, a situação é ainda mais precária devido à falta de testes e tratamento para as pessoas infectadas, o que aumenta a incidência, propagação e número de mortes da doença (Batista et al, 2023).…”

“…Dentre as medidas adotas tivemos também a implantação de duas portarias que amparam o tratamento de testagem da doença, as quais são portaria n° 77, de 12 de janeiro de 2012 e a portaria n° 1.028, de 1 de julho de 2005 (Brasil, 2012;2005).…”

HIV and AIDS in the state of Paraná, Brazil, 2007-2022: trends and spatiotemporal distribution

“…The positive relationship between the high risk of HIV/AIDS in areas with high economic activity, higher socioeconomic status, and better indicators measuring population living conditions was evident in other regions of Brazil and around the world 33,36,[48][49][50] . Nevertheless, it is essential to consider the social context and living conditions in each geographical area, as different territories may be more affected by socioeconomic factors regarding the incidence of the disease 2,33,36 .…”

“…A study assessing the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the epidemic in Brazil revealed a higher incidence of cases in the southern region over a 16-year period 2 . The state of Paraná, currently the most populous in the region 3 , accounted for 29% of HIV cases over a 15-year period, making it the second state with the highest number of cases in southern Brazil and the 22nd among the federal units 4 .…”