Prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence against adult women in Brazil: National Survey of Health, 2019

Abstract

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence against adult women in Brazil. Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional epidemiological study using the database of the National Survey of Health 2019. The prevalence in the last 12 months and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios of intimate partner violence were calculated, stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Intimate partner violence was reported by 7.60% of Brazilian women aged from 18 to 59 years, with higher prevalence among younger women (8.96%), black women (9.05%), those with lower education level (8.55%) and low income (8.68%). After adjusted analysis, the age groups of 18–24 years old (PRadj: 1.41) and 25–39 years old (PRadj: 1.42) and income lower than one minimum wage (PRadj: 1.55) remained associated with intimate partner violence. Conclusions: Intimate partner violence was associated with younger and poorest women. This result points to the need to develop intersectoral policies, especially those aimed at reducing social inequalities and at the coping with intimate partner violence among adult women.

Panorama of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Brazil and its Association With Self-Perception of Health: Findings From a National Representative Survey

“…The prevalence of IPV found in our study (7.6%) corroborates the most recent estimates by the WHO (World Health Organization, 2021) and preliminary PNS analyses (Vasconcelos et al, 2021). On the other hand, it signals a possible reduction in IPV prevalence when compared with the WHO multicentric study also carried out in Brazil about two decades ago (Garcia-Moreno et al, 2006; Schraiber et al, 2007).…”

“…Recently, the WHO estimated that the prevalence of physical and/or sexual IPV against adult Brazilian women, in the last 12 months, is 6% (WHO, 2021). A preliminary study analyzed data from the 2019 Brazilian National Survey of Health (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde-PNS 2019), revealing that the prevalence of IPV in adult women was 7.6% (Vasconcelos et al, 2021). Vasconcelos et al (2021), however, did not analyze the consequences of IPV in women's health, the conditions in which health services were sought/ used due to IPV, nor the association of IPV with perceived health status.…”

“…Vasconcelos et al (2021), however, did not analyze the consequences of IPV in women’s health, the conditions in which health services were sought/used due to IPV, nor the association of IPV with perceived health status. The PNS 2019 is the most recent version of the largest and most comprehensive health survey conducted in Brazil; the survey provides information regarding access to health services, health determinants, and the overall needs of the population, allowing for a robust analysis which helps inform health policies and actions (Malta et al, 2019; Szwarcwald et al, 2014; Vasconcelos et al, 2021). One of the first steps in reducing IPV is knowing how often it occurs, identifying its associated factors, and acknowledging the consequences it has on women’s lives.…”

“…Recently, the WHO estimated that the prevalence of physical and/or sexual IPV against adult Brazilian women, in the last 12 months, is 6% (WHO, 2021). A preliminary study analyzed data from the 2019 Brazilian National Survey of Health ( Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde —PNS 2019), revealing that the prevalence of IPV in adult women was 7.6% (Vasconcelos et al, 2021).…”

Feasibility of an Online-Based Safety Decision Aid for Brazilian Women Living with Intimate Partner Violence: Findings from Participatory-Action Research in a One Stop Center

“…Femicides are the tip of the iceberg among several forms of IPV; among ever married/partnered women aged 15–49 years in Brazil approximately 23% experience physical and/or sexual IPV during their lifetimes (WHO, 2021 ). In Brazil, Black and Indigenous women have increased risk of IPV and femicide compared to White women (Vasconcelos et al, 2021 ; Monteiro et al, 2021 ; Wanzinack et al, 2019 ). It has been associated with Brazil’s history of colonization, slavery, and systemic racism as well as historical and contemporary machismo (Ribeiro, 2018 ).…”