Prevalência de uso e fontes de obtenção de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos no Brasil: análise do inquérito telefônico VIGITEL

Abstract

RESUMO: Objetivo: A prevalência de hipertensão arterial no Brasil e no mundo vem aumentando nas últimas décadas, sendo o uso de medicamentos uma das estratégias utilizadas no controle da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de uso e identificar as fontes de obtenção de anti-hipertensivos no Brasil, segundo variáveis sociodemográficas, comparando três períodos: 2011, 2014 e 2017. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados de indivíduos com idade ≥20 anos que referiram diagnóstico médico de hipertensão arterial, entrevistados pelo Vigitel nos anos de 2011, 2014 e 2017. Foi estimada a distribuição de frequências e as prevalências de uso de medicamentos, segundo variáveis sociodemográficas, de acordo com as fontes de obtenção, com intervalos de confiança de 95%. As diferenças entre as proporções foram verificadas pelo teste χ2 de Pearson (Rao-Scott), com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de uso manteve-se estável (80%). Quanto às fontes de obtenção observou-se variação no período, indicando diminuição na obtenção por meio das Unidades de Saúde do SUS (44,2% em 2011; 30,5% em 2017). Esse decréscimo esteve acompanhado do aumento na obtenção pela Farmácia Popular (16,1% em 2011; 29,9% em 2017). A prevalência de obtenção por meio de farmácias privadas/drogarias mostrou estabilidade no período. Conclusões: A prevalência de uso de medicamentos se manteve alta e houve modificação no padrão de utilização segundo fontes de obtenção, evidenciando migração entre Unidades de Saúde do SUS para a Farmácia Popular, sugerindo redução da disponibilidade dos medicamentos pelas farmácias públicas de forma universal e gratuita.

Public Programs for Essential Medicine Access in a Small Municipality: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

“…In this study, 90.83% of the respondents did not have private health insurance, indicating that they benefit from public health services, which corroborates other studies on the subject. 1,7,9,11,32,35,37,40,44 Costa et al 11 found that people without private health insurance more frequently use free medication programs, which shows that RFM and SNTP mainly serve those who depend exclusively on government health programs, as was observed in the present study. Moreover, we observed that the medication coverage provided by private insurance was insignificant, as was also reported by Pereira.…”

“…9,11,17,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30] It can be inferred that, due to sociocultural and biological factors, women are more concerned with their health, take more medications, more regularly seek health services, and have more health programs specifically targeting them. 7,9,17,[31][32][33] In our sample, women were more frequent users of public pharmaceutical assistance programs, which contrasts with the results of a study that analyzed data from the 2008 National Household Sample Survey. 22 As has been observed in nationwide studies, 7,24,28,31 most participants were aged 65 years or older, reported having a chronic disease, and had been prescribed medication.…”

“…26 Regarding marital status, most of the respondents lived with a partner, which corroborates several other studies. 11,17,36,37,21,[26][27][28][29]32,34,35 Marital status can affect health service use, since married individuals seek health services more often, are more likely to receive a diagnosis and, consequently, obtain more information about and access to drug programs. 26 Regarding education, most users were illiterate or had incomplete primary education, which is consistent with other Brazilian studies conducted in cities of all sizes.…”

Sources of medicines for hypertension and diabetes in Brazil: results from the National Health Survey

“…Another important change was that in 2019 oral medicines and insulin were evaluated in separate questions, regarding the prescription, obtainment, and use of these medications, while in 2013 there was only one question on the subject, without distinction. The analysis of the Risk and Protective Factors Surveillance System for Chronic Noncomunicable Diseases Through Telephone Interview (Vigitel) in 2011, 2014, and 2017 corroborates the results from the 2013 PNS, when, about 80% of individuals aged 20 years or older with a diagnosis of hypertension, reported using medicines for their treatment 16 . Considering the 2019 data, an increase in the use of drugs for the treatment of hypertension was observed, when compared with the national survey carried out in 2013 (94.6%; 95%CI: 93.5-95.5), which also investigated the use of pharmacological treatment among individuals who had had a medical prescription 12 .…”

Hipertensión arterial autorreferida en adultos mayores brasileños: uso de medicación y recomendaciones para el control

“…En este estudio, casi el 92% de los adultos mayores relataron el uso de medicación para el tratamiento de la HA, sin diferencia entre los sexos, como se verificó en la literatura (8,23,28). Los datos de la encuesta telefónica Vigitel (2017) muestran que el uso de medicación entre los adultos mayores hipertensos llegó al 80,0% (31). En Brasil, los medicamentos para el tratamiento de la HA y de otras condiciones de salud están disponibles gratuitamente para toda la población (32).…”