Exploratory spatial analysis of HBV cases in Brazil between 2005 and 2017

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the pattern of spatial distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) cases and the mortality attributed to this disease throughout the Brazilian territory, in 2005, 2016 and 2017. Methods: This is an ecological study of spatial analysis, using data from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases and the Brazilian Mortality Information System. HBV detection and mortality rates were analyzed. The spatial analysis from 2005 to 2017 was held through the Global Moran’s Index (I) for global data and the Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) for the 5,564 municipalities of the country. Results: The North region stands out with the highest HBV detection and mortality rates in the country. The Global Moran’s I showed a spatial correlation of HBV cases in Brazil, and the LISA Map evidenced the presence of hotspots or spatial clusters (high-high type), mainly in the North region and also in some municipalities of Santa Catarina, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Espírito Santo, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Conclusion: The spatial analysis of the HBV distribution pattern in Brazil shows areas with a large concentration of cases, particularly in the North of the country and in other points distributed throughout the national territory. These data reinforce the urgency of intervention actions related to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B.

Regional maldistribution of human resources of rehabilitation institutions in China Mainland based on spatial analysis

“…Each type represents different practical significance, indicating the spatial heterogeneity between adjacent provinces. A positive Moran's I value implies that the human resources in rehabilitation institutions were spatially clustered, and the spatial cluster types include high-high clusters (HH, high SRID, PD or MPD in a high SRID, PD or MPD neighborhood) and low-low clusters (LL, low SRID, PD or MPD in a low SRID, PD or MPD neighborhood); A negative Moran's I value implies that the human resources in rehabilitation institutions are staggered and evenly distributed (they are different from the surrounding zones) and include high-low outliers (HL, high SRID, PD or MPD in a low SRID, PD or MPD neighborhood) and low-high outliers (LH, low SRID, PD or MPD in a high SRID, PD or MPD neighborhood); Additionally, the NG type shows random distribution ( 27 ).…”

Environmental influence on <em>Triatoma vitticeps</em> occurrence and <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em> infection in the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil

“…The use of this approach in studies concerning spatiotemporal analysis of infectious neglected diseases has increased in recent years. Using univariate GMI and LMI have shown that several diseases present cluster distribution patterns including hotspots (Machado et al, 2017;Osei & Stein, 2017;Mandal et al, 2018;Salimi et al, 2018;Tewara et al, 2018;Alene et al, 2019;Nuñez-González et al, 2019;Okunlola et al, 2019;Vivaldini et al, 2019). Bivariate GMI and LMI have only been applied to evaluate spatial autocorrelation and clusters et al, 2019) reported cluster distributions and hotspots throughout the country.…”

Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in female sex workers from four cities in the state of Pará, northern Brazil

“…In Brazil, the general prevalence of the surface antigen of HBV (HBsAg) is less than 2%; however, this rate may vary according to the geographic area. The Amazon region (northern Brazil) is considered a highly endemic area when compared to other Brazilian regions 5,6 . Regarding HCV, it is estimated that 1%–2% of the Brazilian population has active infection with the virus 6 .…”

“…The Amazon region (northern Brazil) is considered a highly endemic area when compared to other Brazilian regions. 5,6 Regarding HCV, it is estimated that 1%-2% of the Brazilian population has active infection with the virus. 6 In the state of Pará (northern Brazil), the prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among blood donors is estimated at around 0.2%.…”