Estado nutricional, imagem corporal e associação com comportamentos extremos para controle de peso em adolescentes brasileiros, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2015

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the association between nutritional status, body image perception, and extreme weight control behaviors among adolescents. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in Brazil based on the National Adolescent Student Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar -PeNSE) of 2015, with adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. Nutritional status and body image perception were the independent variables. The two dependent variables were vomiting or laxative use and use of medicines and other formulas for weight control in the 30 days prior to data collection. We used Poisson regression models for association, with demographic variables for control. Results: 7.4% of adolescents (95%CI 6.7 -8.2) reported vomiting or using laxatives, with no difference between genders. The prevalence of use of medicines and formulas was higher among boys (7.8%; 95%CI 6.6 -8.9). The association between nutritional status and extreme behaviors was not significant. However, the prevalence of vomiting or laxative use for adolescents who considered themselves very fat was 2.3 (95%CI 1.1 -4.7) times higher for boys and 5.3 (95%CI 3.3 -8.6) times higher for girls, while the use of medicines and formulas was 4.0 (95%CI 2.3 -7.1) times higher for girls who considered themselves very fat. Conclusion: Body image perception seems to have a greater influence on extreme behaviors than nutritional status. Strategies involving health services and schools have great potential to impact the self-esteem and health of students positively.

Family and School Context: Effects on the Mental Health of Brazilian Students

“…The PeNSE data collected between April and September 2015 have been evaluated for various health outcomes and risk behaviors in several studies [16,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. The survey's self-administered questionnaires were answered using smartphones, which were distributed by IBGE technicians to the students present on the day of collection.…”

Autoimagem corporal e prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em estudantes universitários

“…Em pesquisa nacional realizada entre escolares houve associação entre a percepção da imagem corporal e os comportamentos extremos para controle de peso, com maior força para meninas que se sentiam muito gordas. Tais resultados permitem inferir que a percepção da imagem corporal pode ter maior influência na adoção dos comportamentos extremos (10) .…”

Associação entre vitimização por bullying e índice de massa corporal em escolares

“…A literatura relacionada ao tema mostra uma elevada distorção da autoimagem corporal, principalmente entre as meninas. Silva et al 37 , utilizando dados da PeNSE de 2015, verificaram que adolescentes do sexo feminino superestimaram ou subestimaram o seu estado nutricional. Embora 73,8% das adolescentes estarem eutróficas, apenas 48,6% relataram sua imagem corporal como normal.…”