Novel Biosensor Detection of Tuberculosis Based on Photonic Band Gap Materials

Abstract

Tuberculosis is one of the most widespread infectious and deadliest diseases in the world. The death percentage is larger than that in the case of the current Coronavirus. Bio-photonic sensors represent a promising option for developing reliable, simple, and affordable tools for the effective detection of tuberculosis. In this paper, a novel design of an optical biosensor will be used as a tuberculosis detector based on a resonance cavity with high sensitivity in one-dimensional photonic crystals demonstrated theoretically. The results show that the increase of the defect layer thickness shifts the defect mode to a longer wavelength region. Besides, it is shifted to a shorter wavelength region via the increase of the incidence angle. The change in thickness of the defect layer and incident angle of light cause an optimization for our suggested structure and the sensitivity reaches 1390 nm/RIU. Our structure is very simple for industrial design.

MATLAB Simulation-Based Theoretical Study for Detection of a Wide Range of Pathogens Using 1D Defective Photonic Structure

“…We have assumed that the plane electromagnetic wave is impinging the structure at an angle of incidence αo with respect to normal from air (Figure 1). The interaction between the plane electromagnetic wave and the structure is described by well-known transfer matrix [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] as The interaction between the plane electromagnetic wave and the structure is described by well-known transfer matrix [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] as…”

“…In the recent years, photonic biosensing technology-based optical sensing has emerged as a hot research field for design and development of diversified ranges of bio-photonic sensors which have tremendous applications in agricultural, biochemical, environmental, medical and defense sectors [20][21][22][23]. One example is a high-performance photonic biosensor capable of detecting water-borne bacteria of sensitivity which varies between 474.2 nm/RIU to 483.6 nm/RIU that has been theoretically examined by Aly and his coworker [2].…”

Optical biosensor based on enhanced surface plasmon resonance: theoretical optimization

“…One-dimensional photonic crystals (1D-PhC) are periodic constructions in which the refractive index alters periodically through the structure Aly 2021c, 2020;Aly et al 2021aAly et al , 2020. The refractive index of the sensing substance of the PhC or the defect layer can change the resonance wavelength (Prather et al 2009;Aly et al 2008Aly et al , 2021bAbd El-Ghany et al 2020;Zaky et al 2021c, d, e;Tammam et al 2021).…”

Hybrid Graphene-Based Photonic-Plasmonic Biochemical Sensor with a Photonic and Acoustic Cavity Structure

“…A comprehensive review of the sensing applications of nanobeam cavities was provided by Qiao et al [19]. There are also many other types of photonic/plasmonic crystals cavities for biochemical sensing, for example, tuberculosis detection based on the photonic bandgap with the blood sample as the defect layer [20], 2-D photonic crystal cavity for cancerous cell detection [21], cancer biomarker detection and drug diagnostics using 2-D silicon PTC microcavities coupled with waveguides in the telecom wavelength band [22], resonance recognition for an artificial organic substance by using 2-D hybrid photonic-plasmonic crystal cavities [23], glucose sensing by placing a dielectric nanowire on the metal grating with a nano-trench cavity [24], and protein detection by using gold gratings deposited on silicon substrate with a graphene-laced cavity [25]. Most of the afore-mentioned works detected biochemicals based solely on the resonance shift, a result due to the variation in the refractive index (RI), which may post a selectivity problem because it is quite common that different biochemicals may have a nearly identical RI value.…”