Computational Analysis of The Performance of Shaft Furnaces with Partial Replacement of The Burden with Self-Reducing Pellets Containing Biomass

A Numerical Study of Scenarios for the Substitution of Pulverized Coal Injection by Blast Furnace Gas Enriched by Hydrogen and Oxygen Aiming at a Reduction in CO2 Emissions in the Blast Furnace Process

“…In this way, a comprehensive kinetic detailed database for a variety of basic materials has been created and incorporated into the model framework. New kinetic basic data for the chemical reactions have been regularly produced and introduced in the model considering both experimental works combined with industrial trials and statistical approaches [10][11][12][13][14][15][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] since the model is programmed to produce an open-source own computational code. It is valuable to emphasize that novel implementations and constant experimental data acquisition for new raw materials have continuously improved the model's predictions and its accuracy.…”

“…Via rapid solution loss, water gas, and gas shift reactions with the pulverized coal in the raceway, this extra energy is utilized to increase CO 2 conversion, preventing unburned coal accumulation, and enabling appropriate slagging operation [4,8,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Accordingly, the concept of simultaneous injection of blast furnace gas enriched with hydrogen, oxygen, and a large amount of pulverized coal injection (PCI) into the tuyere of the furnace is also proposed, as shown in Figure 1.…”

“…Unstable conditions are caused by the accumulation of unburned powder in the lower section of the blast furnace and the high viscosity slag produced during ash melt, both of which reduce the permeability of the dropping zone [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. The temperature and gas flow inside the raceway are significantly altered when mixed gases are injected into the blast furnace.…”

“…In the present study, the model for an actual operation is tested with a high injection of pulverized coal (220 kg/thm) and simulated scenarios of replacement of pulverized coal injections (180, 160, and 140 kg/t HM ) by blast furnace gas enriched with hydrogen and oxygen to demonstrate the newly suggested operation taking advantage of rich hydrogen injection in the raceway region. Although hydrogen-rich gas has been previously introduced on the granular zone [4,8,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], here it is proposed as a brand-new concept that not only increases the reducing zone efficiency but also makes use of the advantages in the lower furnace for thermal control by injecting blast furnace gas (BFG) and adding oxygen and hydrogen to improve the exothermic reactions balanced by the blast furnace gas to control the maximum temperature. With the help of this tiny control, the entire furnace can perform adequately and with reduced particular emissions of equivalent CO 2 , making the blast furnace process technology more environmentally friendly.…”

Aplicação de resíduo de palma como fonte de carbono em briquetes autorredutores de minério de ferro.

“…Além disso, possui sua primeira planta em escala industrial em fase de engenharia Trata-se de um processo caracterizado por sua capacidade de redução do minério sem a necessidade do coque metalúrgico, tornando o processo ambientalmente amigável, além de reduzir custos de operação e instalação Outra vantagem dessa rota tecnológica, consiste na possibilidade de se utilizar biomassa como fonte de carbono na composição dos aglomerados autorredutores, como é destacado por Rocha (2019). São detalhados no subtópico 2.3 os diferentes tipos de biomassa que podem ser utilizados nesse processo e no subtópico 2.2 serão abordados aspectos do briquete autorredutortipo de aglomerado autorredutor.…”