Influence of Temperature on Mechanical Properties, Fracture Morphology and Strain Hardening Behavior of a 304 Stainless Steel

Soares, Guilherme Corrêa; Rodrigues, Mariana Carla Mendes; Santos, Leandro de Arruda

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2016-0932

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This is consistent with previous work, [5] in which martensitic transformation was observed at the tip of the V-notch in failed 304L Charpy test specimens tested at À 196°C. The well-known effect of temperature on yield strength [12] and UTS [13,14] is also observed, whereby strength increases with decreasing temperature. The effect of test temperature on elongation is also notable; the tensile data are consistent with other reported data.…”

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confidence: 70%

Effect of Temperature on the Fracture Toughness of Hot Isostatically Pressed 304L Stainless Steel

Cooper

Brayshaw

Sherry

2018

Metall Mater Trans A

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Herein, we have performed J-Resistance multi-specimen fracture toughness testing of hot isostatically pressed (HIP'd) and forged 304L austenitic stainless steel, tested at elevated (300°C) and cryogenic (À 140°C) temperatures. The work highlights that although both materials fail in a pure ductile fashion, stainless steel manufactured by HIP displays a marked reduction in fracture toughness, defined using J 0.2BL , when compared to equivalently graded forged 304L, which is relatively constant across the tested temperature range.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4466-x Ó The Author(s) 2018. This article is an open access publication Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is a component manufacturing technique, which employs the use of high temperature, and isostatically controlled pressure to consolidate metal alloy power of desired chemistry into bulk metal under an inert (usually argon) atmosphere. [1] The advantages of HIP are well documented, [1][2][3][4] the most significant being within HIP's ability to produce near-net shape components; components with exceedingly complex geometries thus eliminating the need for subsequent machining/welding procedures on the manufactured component. This may not only reduced the costs associated with the overall manufacture process, but through the elimination of welded joints, produces components of homogenous metallurgy; omitting common issues associated with welding of components; hot cracking, different metallurgical zones, induced residual stresses, etc. This is clearly an advantage for components which will be subjected to high stress conditions throughout their lifetime. The degree of metallurgical homogeneity which HIP produces results in no grain directionality, like that commonly seen in forgings, due to the isostatically controlled pressure and temperature and therefore HIP materials display isotropic mechanical properties. Finally, HIP produces material with a comparatively smaller grain size than that of forgings and castings, which not only improves the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, also lends itself to easier inspection view non-destructive examination techniques.Because of HIP's ability to increase design freedom, there have been increased efforts to demonstrate that components produced by HIP have equivalent or better material properties than those of equivalently graded forged materials. However, the authors have recently shown that the fracture behavior is subtly different between equivalently graded HIP and forged austenitic stainless steel, with HIP 304L and 316L exhibiting a reduction in impact toughness [5,6] as well as HIP 304L exhibiting a reduction in J-integral fracture toughness at ambient temperature. [7,8] This difference in fracture behavior was attributed to the presence of a comparatively large volume fraction of non-metallic oxide inclusions in the HIP microstructure, which lower the energy required to cause fracture via an unzipping effect, whereby ductile void growth is unable to occur on the same scale as in forged stainless steel...

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confidence: 70%

Effect of Temperature on the Fracture Toughness of Hot Isostatically Pressed 304L Stainless Steel

Cooper

Brayshaw

Sherry

2018

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…Por sua vez, para as amostras previamente laminadas a morno (60 e 80%) a taxa de encruamento reduz em proporções muito próximas da amostra como fornecida. O comportamento de encruamento em vários estágios, comum nas ligas com baixa energia de falha de empilhamento (SFE) que apresentam mecanismos secundários de deformação plástica [19,21,23], foi observado nas três amostras. As taxas de encruamento diminuem monotonamente até uma deformação verdadeira de 0,05 a 0,075, dependo da amostra examinada, vide Figura 6, estágio I.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Mecanismos De Encruamento Do Aço Inoxidável Duplex Uns S32205 Submetido a Laminação a Morno E Recozimento

Dias¹,

Ferreira²,

Alves³

et al. 2017

Anais Do Congresso Anual Da ABM

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Resumo Neste trabalho, tiras de aço inoxidável duplex UNS S32205 foram laminadas a morno a 600°C com 60% e 80% de redução e, em seguida, foram recozidas a 1050°C durante 300 s. A tira como fornecida (laminada a quente industrialmente e recozida) também foi recozida para efeito de comparação. Avaliou-se o comportamento mecânico das amostras como fornecida, 60% e 80% por meio de ensaios de tração e microdureza Vickers, obtendo-se 779 MPa, 730 MPa e 807 MPa de limite de resistência a tração e 265 HV, 244 HV e 256 HV de microdureza Vickers para as três condições descritas, respectivamente. Outros ensaios de microdureza foram realizados ao longo da superfície do corpo de prova fraturado em tração, indicando um aumento da dureza nas regiões mais próximas da fratura. O aumento da dureza na região de estricção indicou o aparecimento da martensita induzida por deformação para as amostras laminadas a morno. Usando a derivada da curva tensão verdadeira em função da deformação verdadeira, (dσ/dε), avaliou-se o comportamento de encruamento do aço para as três condições. Juntamente com os exames por microscopia eletrônica de alta resolução e difração de raios X, buscou-se uma interpretação dos mecanismos de deformação plástica envolvidos no processo de encruamento. Em determinados estágios, observouse uma mudança da inclinação para um regime estável, indicando a ocorrência de outros mecanismos de deformação plástica, diferentes do escorregamento de deslocações. A martensita induzida por deformação foi considerada responsável pelo aumento da taxa de encruamento do aço, i.e., por ser obstáculo à movimentação das deslocações e por postergar a formação da estricção.

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“…The first of them is called dynamic softening and it is a product of the transformation working as a competing deformation mechanism. It is associated with the fact that the SIT/DIT transformation strain contributes to the total strain, while the stress increases more slowly [116,117] and it usually predominates at low strain values [10]. In some cases, this phenomenon has also been associated to the formation of ε in the early stages [118], as this phase has been proved to be almost ideally plastic [119].…”

Section: Deformation At a Constant Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the martensite volume fraction is higher than the percolation threshold, the martensite forms a percolating cluster which extends through the whole structure [120]. In this stage, the strain hardening rate further increases until it reaches its maximum value and the austenite stress level deviates from the macroscopic stress level, suggesting that the material is acting as a composite [10,63]. Finally, once the volume fraction of martensite is close to the unity, the material behavior starts to resemble the martensite behavior and, hence, the strain hardening rate starts to decrease [63].…”

Section: Deformation At a Constant Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Displacive stress induced transformations (SIT) and strain/deformation induced transformations (DIT) include the transformations from austenite (γ), which has a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure, to either martensite or bainitic ferrite, promoted by the application of elastic stress or plastic strain, respectively [1][2][3][4]. This type of transformations can happen from the austenite in microstructures in which the austenite is the only phase [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], which are called fully austenitic microstructures, from now on. They can also occur from the retained austenite in microstructures which consist of different phases [1,4,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], which are named multiphase microstructures, from now on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Future Trends on Displacive Stress and Strain Induced Transformations in Steels

Eres-Castellanos

García‐Mateo

Caballero

2021

Metals

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Displacive stress and strain induced transformations are those transformations that occur when the formation of martensite or bainitic ferrite is promoted by the application of stress or strain. These transformations have been shown to be one of the mechanisms by which the mechanical properties of a microstructure can be improved, as they lead to a better ductility and strength by the transformation induced plasticity effect. This review aims to summarize the fundamental knowledge about them, both in fully austenitic or in multiphase structures, pointing out the issues that—according to the authors’ opinion—need further research. Knowing the mechanisms that govern the stress and strain induced transformation could enable to optimize the thermomechanical treatments and improve the final microstructure properties.

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Influence of Temperature on Mechanical Properties, Fracture Morphology and Strain Hardening Behavior of a 304 Stainless Steel

Cited by 37 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of Temperature on the Fracture Toughness of Hot Isostatically Pressed 304L Stainless Steel

Effect of Temperature on the Fracture Toughness of Hot Isostatically Pressed 304L Stainless Steel

Mecanismos De Encruamento Do Aço Inoxidável Duplex Uns S32205 Submetido a Laminação a Morno E Recozimento

Future Trends on Displacive Stress and Strain Induced Transformations in Steels

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