Effect of Stand-Off Distance on the Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Explosively Bonded 321 Austenitic Stainless Steel - 1230 Aluminum Alloy Tubes

Abstract

In this research, the effect of stand-off distance on the interfacial mechanical and metallurgical properties of explosively bonded 321 austenitic stainless steel to 1230 aluminum alloy tubes was investigated. Interfacial microstructure was evaluated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope. Also, Microhardness tests were also carried out. The results show that with increasing of stand-off distance from 1 mm to 2.5 mm, thickness of intermetallic compounds at the interface increased from 3.5 µm to 102.3 µm, and also shape of interface was transited from smooth to wavy. The microhardness of the sample with 1 mm stand-off distance was 650 HV that increased to 927 HV in the sample with 2.5 mm stand-off distance which is related to intermetallic amount. The proportional amount of strength were 103.2 MPa and 214.5 MPa in the above samples respectively.

Microstructural and Phase Composition Differences Across the Interfaces in Al/Ti/Al Explosively Welded Clads

“…Evidently, the energy available is used partly to plastically deform the clad, and there is a fraction that is transformed into heat, which promotes the nucleation and growth of other phases. This phenomenon has also been reported in the past, [12] with an increase in the explosive force being the reason for higher plastic deformation of ingoing materials, correlated with an increase of the intermetallic layer thickness within the 321 austenitic stainless steel/ 1230 aluminum alloy assembly.…”

“…[1] Many of the studies presented in the literature are focused specifically on the EXW process. As confirmed by various attempts, the joining of flat surfaces [6][7][8][9] or tubes [10][11][12] can be easily performed by this method. Furthermore, the process can be carried out both under water [13][14][15][16] and under air atmospheres.…”

“…[41] The morphology and shape of the interfaces strongly depend on the initial parameters of the EXW. [12] According to Shiran et al, [12] higher explosive forces promote wavy-mode interfaces. Taking that into account, it can be concluded that the middle Ti clad considerably damped the impact force, thereby reducing its power.…”

Investigating the effect of post weld heat treatment on corrosion properties of explosive bonded interface of AA5083/AA1050/SS 321 tubes

“…The flyer tubes were considered 40 mm longer the base tube, so that the explosion reaches to its stable state during welding in the desired length i.e. 20 cm and also causes the lower and upper edges of the tubes to fully bond to each other [10,11]. Characteristics of explosive welding tests have been shown in table 3.…”

Evaluation of Welding Parameter's Effects on Corrosion Behavior of Bronze-Carbon Steel Dual-Layer Explosion Welded Joint at Salt Enviroment

“…This welding process is a non-fusion route (solid-state) that used to join and cladding the similar and dissimilar metals, industrially, in the forms of dual or multilayers. Due to lack of direct heating during this process, the welded joints have not the defects of fusion welding methods, hot rolling and hot forging joints [1][2][3][4] . Very low investigations were performed about the corrosion behavior of explosion-welded joints that as following: Kengkla and Tarlp 5 studied the effect of intermetallic compounds on corrosion behavior of threeply explosion welded joint of aluminum/steel for military industries.…”