Displacement rate effect on the flexural properties of glass fiber reinforced polyurethane

Reis, J.M.L.

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2015-0478

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The slope of the Weibull modulus versus strain rate for laminates type 2 in Equation ( 12) (À0:28Þ is close to that found for laminates type 1 (À0:212Þ in Equation (10). This may suggest similar dependence mechanism that controls laminate stiffness as function of strain rate.…”

Section: Weibull Modulussupporting

confidence: 75%

Weibull reliability plots to study the strain rate effect on interfacial strengths of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites

2022

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Two‐parameter Weibull reliability plots are utilized to determine the effects of strain rate on the interfacial strengths of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CFRE) composites. Laminate specimens with two different fiber orientations are tested to failure under flexural loading. Type 1 laminates with fibers running parallel to specimen length (fiber orientation of 0° with respect to specimen span length) enable measuring inter‐laminar shear strength (ILSS) of the interface (between adjacent lamina) with locus of failure along beam mid ply. Seventy‐two type 1 laminates are tested at five levels of flexural strain rates: 1.89 * 10−5 to 9.37 * 10−2 s−1. Type 2 laminates with fibers running perpendicular to specimen length (fiber orientation of 90° with respect to specimen span length) enable measuring intra‐laminar (matrix/fiber) peel strength (ILPS) for tensile (mode I) strength of the matrix/fiber interface with locus of failure at beam bottom ply. Thirty‐six type 2 laminates are tested at three levels of flexural strain rates: 2.09 * 10−5 to 3.49 * 10−3 s−1. For each level of strain rate, Weibull plots are constructed. Stress values at failure probability (Pf) of 63.1% are assigned as strength values. The results show a slight decrease of the Weibull modulus, m, with increasing strain rates. The modulus decreases from 12.37 to 10.49 and from 11.11 to 9.68, for laminates type 1 and 2, respectively. For laminates type 1, ILSS increases with increasing strain rates rising 16.1% over the range of the tested strain rates. For laminates type 2, ILPS increases with increasing strain rates rising 38.1% over the range.

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Section: Weibull Modulussupporting

confidence: 75%

Weibull reliability plots to study the strain rate effect on interfacial strengths of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites

2022

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“…The CAI specimens were clamped exactly on the fixture by adjusting four supporting plates for arresting the global buckling. The compressive load was applied under a constant displacement rate of 0.5 mm/min since the mechanical response of FRP composites depends strongly on the displacement rate [33,34]. The data acquisition system in the universal testing machine recorded the force-displacement of the experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compression after Impact Behaviour and Failure Analysis of Nanosilica-Toughened Thin Epoxy/GFRP Composite Laminates

et al. 2019

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Nanosilica particles were utilized as secondary reinforcement to enhance the strength of the epoxy resin matrix. Thin glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite laminates of 3 ± 0.25 mm were developed with E-Glass mats of 610 GSM and LY556 epoxy resin. Nanosilica fillers were mixed with epoxy resin in the order of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 wt% through mechanical stirring followed by an ultrasonication method. Thereafter, the damage was induced on toughened laminates through low-velocity drop weight impact tests and the induced damage was assessed through an image analysis tool. The residual compression strength of the impacted laminates was assessed through compression after impact (CAI) experiments. Laminates with nanosilica as secondary reinforcement exhibited enhanced compression strength, stiffness, and damage suppression. Results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that physical toughening mechanisms enhanced the strength of the nanoparticle-reinforced composite. Failure analysis of the damaged area through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evidenced the presence of key toughening mechanisms like damage containment through micro-cracks, enhanced fiber-matrix bonding, and load transfer.

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“…It exhibits much higher stiffness and lower density than fiberglass, allowing aeronautical structures to be thinner, stiffer, and lighter. However, carbon fiber has a relatively low damage-bearing capacity, compressive strength, and ultimate strain and is much more expensive than E-glass fiber [ 27 ]. Moreover, such glass fiber- or carbon fiber-reinforced composites may display anisotropic properties, i.e., exceptional mechanical properties in the direction aligned with the matrix, but properties in transverse directions may not always be appropriate [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Polymer by Adding Ceramic Nanoparticles for Aeronautical Structural Applications

et al. 2021

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The multiscale hybridization of ceramic nanoparticles incorporated into polymer matrices reinforced with hybrid fibers offers a new opportunity to develop high-performance, multifunctional composites, especially for applications in aeronautical structures. In this study, two different kinds of hybrid fibers were selected, woven carbon and glass fiber, while two different ceramic nanoparticles, alumina (Al2O3) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), were chosen to incorporate into a polymer matrix (epoxy resin). To obtain good dispersion of additive nanoparticles within the resin matrix, the ultrasonication technique was implemented. The microstructure, XRD patterns, hardness, and tensile properties of the fabricated composites were investigated here. Microstructural characterization demonstrated a good dispersion of ceramic nanoparticles of Al2O3 and GNPs in the fabricated composites. The addition of GNPs/Al2O3 nanoparticles as additive reinforcements to the fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) induced a significant increase in the hardness and tensile strength. Generally, the FRPs with 3 wt.% nano-Al2O3 enhanced composites exhibit higher tensile strength as compared with all other sets of composites. Particularly, the tensile strength was improved from 133 MPa in the unreinforced specimen to 230 MPa in the reinforced specimen with 3 wt.% Al2O3. This can be attributed to the better distribution of nanoparticles in the resin polymer, which, in turn, induces proper stress transfer from the matrix to the fiber phase. The hybrid mode mechanism depends on the interaction among the mechanical properties of fiber, the physical and chemical evolution of resin, the bonding properties of the fiber/resin interface, and the service environment. Therefore, the hybrid mode of woven carbon and glass fibers at a volume fraction of 64% with additive nanoparticles of GNPs/Al2O3 within the resin was appropriate to produce aeronautical structures with extraordinary properties.

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Displacement rate effect on the flexural properties of glass fiber reinforced polyurethane

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Weibull reliability plots to study the strain rate effect on interfacial strengths of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites

Weibull reliability plots to study the strain rate effect on interfacial strengths of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites

Compression after Impact Behaviour and Failure Analysis of Nanosilica-Toughened Thin Epoxy/GFRP Composite Laminates

Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Polymer by Adding Ceramic Nanoparticles for Aeronautical Structural Applications

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