O lugar de Israel e da Palestina na política externa brasileira: antissemitismo, voto majoritário ou promotor de paz?

Abstract

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o desenvolvimento das relações entre Brasil e Israel, a partir de uma perspectiva histórica, retomando pontos de convergência e divergência no relacionamento bilateral à luz de novas interpretações e dados. A hipótese que sustenta este artigo é a de que as contradições entre Brasil e Israel, em vez de serem vistas como uma rejeição às aspirações israelenses ou alguma incompatibilidade ideológica, devem ser compreendidas a partir de elementos externos às relações israelo-brasileiras: (1) o grau de proximidade, de alinhamento ou de confronto com os Estados Unidos; (2) a visão universalista, visando inserção ampla no mundo; (3) o viés majoritário das políticas multilaterais do Brasil. Tais forças condicionaram, em alguma medida, as preferências do Brasil com relação ao Oriente Médio, em geral, e a Israel, em particular. Palavras-chave: Brasil; Israel; relações diplomáticas; antissemitismo; Nações Unidas. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of relations between Brazil andIsrael, from a historical perspective, resuming points of convergence and divergence in the bilateral relationship in the light of new data and interpretations. The assumption that sustains this article is that, the contradictions between Brazil and Israel, rather than being seen as a rejection of Israeli aspirations or some ideological incompatibility must be understood from the outside elements: (1) The degree of proximity, alignment or confrontation with the United States; (2) Brazilian universalist foreign policy orientation; and (3) the majoritarian bias of Brazilian multilateral diplomacy. Such forces conditioned, to some extent, Brazil's preferences towards the Middle East, in general, and Israel, in particular.

Forty Years of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 (XXX) on Zionism and Racism: the Brazilian Vote as an instance of United States - Brazil Relations

“…Discrepancies amongst Latin American countries would derive mainly from divergent interpretation of the facts on the ground. Recent research confirms that Brazil was hardly voting pro or against Israel or the Arab countries, but rather having in mind its own ideas and priorities (Casarões and Vigevani 2014).…”

“…The relevant role of Brazil in drafting resolution 242 (1967) after the Six Days War was also perceived as a demonstration of constructive intent (Breda dos Santos 2002). All along, it can be said that the meaning of the Middle East for Brazil -apart from a few technical cooperation agreements and lackluster embassies -was very minor, not qualifying the region even as a potential source of attrition with the US (Casarões and Vigevani 2014).…”

Brazil’s policy toward Israel and Palestine in Dilma Rousseff and Michel Temer’s administrations: have there been any shifts?

“…Since Latin America's attitude change toward Israel was discussed in other essays (Casarões and Vigevani 2014;Baeza 2012), this paper focuses on the reasons behind Brazil's changing attitude. One of them, in the 1970s, was the need to ensure a stable supply of energy, which prompted the Brazilian government to reach out to oil-exporting countries such as Iraq and Saudi Arabia.…”

Um Estudo Comparado Da Diplomacia De Lula No Oriente Médio E Ahmadinejad Na América Latina

“…The relationship between Brazil and the countries from the Middle East are characterized by periods of rapprochement and detachment, a reason that lead Brun (2016) to define them as discontinuous. The involvement of Brazil in the Middle East remained low until the first oil crisis in 1973, a fact that lead Brazil to search for an approximation with more countries that exported this commodity as Iraq and Saudi Arabia (Casarões and Vigevani 2014). During the 1970s and the 1980s, Brazil increased, considerably, its commerce with the region, guided, essentially, by its interests in oil and in the v.7, n.13, Jan./Jun.…”