A Reflection on the Use of the Delphi Technique in Nursing

Abstract

Objective: This article aims to reflect on the Delphi technique, a systematic process that uses the collective opinion of a group of experts to reach consensus on specific issues. Focusing on the field of nursing, we examine in a reflective manner the different modalities of this technique and its stages. Method: This is a theoretical reflection on the use of the Delphi technique, listing its different forms and conducting a critical evaluation of the method throughout its different stages. Results: Different variants of the technique are observed in the available literature, namely Traditional Delphi, Modified Delphi, e-Delphi, and the RAND/UCLA method, accompanied by epistemological and methodological changes in the traditional understanding of the Delphi technique. Despite the variability of formats, the technique should include three principles: the panel of experts, the anonymity of the responses, and the interactive process of controlled feedback. Throughout the article, a reflection is made on its stages, justification of the study area, expert panel, characteristics of the rounds, and termination criteria. Conclusion: We suggest our evaluation criteria so that authors, researchers, and reviewers can analyze the use of the Delphi technique in nursing research. It is also recommended that clear guidelines be created for presenting studies using the Delphi technique in the health area, as there are other established guidelines for other types of methods.