Epidemiological, serological and molecular aspects of hepatitis B and C in children and teenagers of municipal daycare facilities schools and schools in the city of Santos

Ciaccia, Maria Célia Cunha; Moreira, Regina Célia; Lemos, Marcílio Figueiredo; Oba, Isabel Takano; Porta, Gilda

doi:10.1590/1809-4503201400030002

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Compared with this study, those conducted in pediatric populations in other regions in Brazil revealed rates that are much lower in the Southern and Southeastern regions, ranging from 0.1% to 3.6% for anti-HBc and 0.02% to 1.8% positivity for HBsAg 17 ; however, when examining the Northern region of the country (the region considered to be the most endemic for HBV in the country), prevalence rates of 23.1% for anti-HBc and 3.6% for HBsAg were found in children under age 15 in the Amazon region, even 19 years after the implementation of the universal vaccination program 18 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and low vaccine response in children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil

Castro

Cordeiro

Rolim

et al. 2023

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Children have an increased likelihood of becoming carriers of the chronic hepatitis B virus. A total of 1,381 children and adolescents were assessed in five municipalities of Maranhao State, Brazil, for detection of anti-HBc, HBsAg and anti-HBs serologic markers and sociodemographic and behavioral features. Among those who were HBsAg negative and anti-HBc negative, the proportion of anti-HBs positives was calculated after the individuals had completed the vaccination schedule. The robust variance of the Poisson’s regression model was used in order to have adjusted tables and calculate the prevalence ratio. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the prevalence of anti-HBc with or without HBsAg and the vaccine response. It was observed that 163 children were anti-HBc positive and nine individuals were HBsAg positive. The factors associated with the infection were: municipality of residence (residing in Morros municipality or Humberto de Campos municipality), residence in a rural area, aged between 13 and 15 years old, and illicit drug use. The percentage of individuals who were anti-HBc negative and received all three doses of the vaccine was 48.5%. Among these, only 276 (38.9%) had antibodies at protective concentrations. In an adjusted analysis, Morros municipality presented an increased positivity of vaccine response (p < 0.001), and the age ranging between 6 and 10 years old presented a reduced frequency of response. This study reveals a high prevalence of current and past HBV infection within the targeted age group which, in addition to the low vaccination coverage and serological responses, raises concerns about the management of prevention measures, especially the quality of vaccination in these locations.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and low vaccine response in children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil

Castro

Cordeiro

Rolim

et al. 2023

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…The initial database search identified 898 potentially relevant articles, of which 783 were excluded on the basis of title and abstract assessment, whereas of the remaining 115 articles 58 were finally included in the systematic review (flowchart, Supplemental Digital Content, http://links.lww.com/MPG/C265) (17–74). Table, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/MPG/C271, describes briefly the included studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning HCV viremia in children, data were limited. Only twelve studies detected viremia by PCR in the positive anti-HCV samples (19,(31)(32)(33)35,46,50,(60)(61)(62)68,69). One study was not included in the meta-analysis because all children reportedly had negative PCR results, and this was considered not reasonable (61).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C in Children Without Identifiable Risk‐Factors

Melikoki

Kourlaba

Kanavaki

et al. 2021

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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Objectives: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major public health burden for >30 years since its discovery. It is estimated that >80 million people have been already infected. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment is now approved for young children over the age of 3 years. Treating children before the development of high-risk behaviors is optimal. Thus, assessing the current epidemiology of HCV in children becomes important and may promote awareness. Methods: Articles describing the prevalence of hepatitis C in children, were systematically reviewed. To assess HCV infection prevalence in the general population, studies discussing high-risk groups alone were excluded. Results: Data from 58 studies were analyzed. National data was scarce. An overall prevalence of HCV in children of 0.87% was found, ranging from 0.34% in Europe to 3.02% in Africa. Prevalence of viremic infection is important and data synthesis from available data indicated that HCV viremia was detected in 56.8% of children. The prevalence of HCV according to sex was described in 25 studies but no difference between sexes was detected. HCV prevalence was significantly higher in children older than 10 years (0.97%) when compared to those ages under 10 years old (0.75%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Considering probable underdiagnosis of HCV infection in children, this information reveals that prevalence is substantial. One may argue that future strategies aiming towards HCV elimination, may need to include antiviral treatment of pre-adolescent children as well.

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Pediatric Liver Disease in Latin America

D’Agostino

Sanchez

Boldrini

2019

Pediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplantation

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Epidemiological, serological and molecular aspects of hepatitis B and C in children and teenagers of municipal daycare facilities schools and schools in the city of Santos

Abstract: In children, the general prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis B and C in the city of Santos was low when compared with literature data.

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and low vaccine response in children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil

High prevalence of hepatitis B virus and low vaccine response in children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C in Children Without Identifiable Risk‐Factors

Pediatric Liver Disease in Latin America

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