Indigenous people, socio-environmental conflict and post-development in Latin America

Cuadra, Fernando de la

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asocex02v1822015en

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…Migrants represent around 44% of the population, mostly coming from the occidental highlands. The colonization of the tropical forest for agricultural activities is an ongoing process which has been highly criticized by its demographically and environmentally destructive nature [ 18 ]. From 1992 to 2012, the population increased by 52%, and today, more than 400 communities are registered in the municipality, 90 of them located in the TIPNIS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the rainforest of Bolivia: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2018

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BackgroundCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in Bolivia, particularly in the rainforest of Cochabamba, in the municipality of Villa Tunari. The precarious, dispersed, and poorly accessible settlements in these farming communities make it difficult to study them, and there are no epidemiological studies in the area. The aim of the present study was to identify the risk factors associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2015 and August 2016 in two communities of Villa Tunari, Cochabamba. The cases were diagnosed through clinical examinations, identification of the parasite by microscopic examination, and the Montenegro skin test. Risk factors were identified through logistic regression.ResultsA total of 274 participants (40.9% female and 59.1% male) were surveyed, of which 43% were CL positive. Sex was the only factor associated with CL with three times more risk for men than for women; this finding suggests a sylvatic mechanism of transmission in the area.ConclusionsIt is advisable to focus on education and prevention policies at an early age for activities related to either leisure or work. Further research is needed to assess the influence of gender-associated behavior for the risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the rainforest of Bolivia: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2018

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“…Most communities except those located near the main roads have poor public transport, and many are physically inaccessible during the rainy season. According to the latest population census of 2012, the population of VT is about 73,000 of whom 44% are migrants engaged in agriculture, mainly coca leaf cultivation [33]. The population increased by 52% between 1992 and 2012, and currently more than 400 communities are registered, 90 of which are within the park.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Cheaper and better”: Societal cost savings and budget impact of changing from systemic to intralesional pentavalent antimonials as the first-line treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Bolivia

2019

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IntroductionCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), endemic in Bolivia, mostly affects poor people in rainforest areas. The current first-line treatment consists of systemic pentavalent antimonials (SPA) for 20 days and is paid for by the Ministry of Health (MoH). Long periods of drug shortages and a lack of safe conditions to deliver treatment are challenges to implementation. Intralesional pentavalent antimonials (ILPA) are an alternative to SPA. This study aims to compare the cost of ILPA and SPA, and to estimate the health and economic impacts of changing the first-line treatment for CL in a Bolivian endemic area.MethodsThe cost-per-patient treated was estimated for SPA and ILPA from the perspectives of the MoH and society. The quantity and unit costs of medications, staff time, transportation and loss of production were obtained through a health facility survey (N = 12), official documents and key informants. A one-way sensitivity analysis was conducted on key parameters to evaluate the robustness of the results. The annual number of patients treated and the budget impact of switching to ILPA as the first-line treatment were estimated under different scenarios of increasing treatment utilization. Costs were reported in 2017 international dollars (1 INT$ = 3.10 BOB).ResultsTreating CL using ILPA was associated with a cost-saving of $248 per-patient-treated from the MoH perspective, and $688 per-patient-treated from the societal perspective. Switching first-line treatment to ILPA while maintaining the current budget would allow two-and-a-half times the current number of patients to be treated. ILPA remained cost-saving compared to SPA in the sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsThe results of this study support a shift to ILPA as the first-line treatment for CL in Bolivia and possibly in other South American countries.

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“…These alliances present an interesting venue in which to focus further research, as they suggest that Indigenous Peoples are expanding the type of stakeholders who had previously supported Indigenous struggles in the Amazon, i.e., mostly peasant organizations and local and international environmental NGOs (e.g., Tanaka 2012; Villanueva 2013). Indeed, such new alliances might indicate that Indigenous organizations involved in this conflict are articulating their fights around issues of social equity (Robinson 2003;Orta-Martínez and Finer 2010;Veltmeyer and Bowles 2014;de la Cuadra 2015;Temper et al 2015), and therefore getting closer to the "environmental justice" discourse (Martinez-Alier et al 2016) than to the "conservationist" discourse. Such discourse shift certainly deserves more scholarly attention.…”

Section: Stakeholders' Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Road to Conflict: Stakeholder’s and Social Network Analysis of the Media Portrayals of a Social-Environmental Conflict in Bolivia

Reyes‐García

Andrés-Conejero

Fernández‐Llamazares

et al. 2019

Society & Natural Resources

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NOTE: The publisher of this article permits self-archiving of the final draft of this article. Final draft corresponds to the last version of the article submitted to the publisher (i.e., the peer-reviewed and corrected version without the final publisher layout, also known as author's accepted manuscript). According to the University of Helsinki Principles of open publishing a full text copy of all scientific publications produced at the University is deposited into the digital repository HELDA via TUHAT.

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Indigenous people, socio-environmental conflict and post-development in Latin America

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the rainforest of Bolivia: a cross-sectional study

Risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the rainforest of Bolivia: a cross-sectional study

“Cheaper and better”: Societal cost savings and budget impact of changing from systemic to intralesional pentavalent antimonials as the first-line treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Bolivia

A Road to Conflict: Stakeholder’s and Social Network Analysis of the Media Portrayals of a Social-Environmental Conflict in Bolivia

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