Diversity of parasitoid wasps in conventional and organic guarana (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis) cultivation areas in the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract

We surveyed parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) in two guarana plantations in the central Brazilian Amazon (one conventionally, and one organically managed), as well as in adjacent forest and edge areas between crop and forest. We evaluated differences between management systems in parasitoid diversity and abundance, and assessed the importance of the surrounding matrix as a source of parasitoid wasps for guarana cultivation. Parasitoid wasp richness, abundance and taxonomic composition (at family level) were compared between plantations, and among habitats within plantations. Wasps were sampled using Malaise and Moericke traps. A total of 25,951 parasitoid wasps (10,828 in the conventional, and 15,123 in the organic crop area) were collected, and were distributed in 11 superfamilies and 38 families. In the conventional management area, the greatest abundance and richness of parasitoids were recorded in the adjacent forest, while, in the organic management area, the greatest abundance and richness were recorded in the crop-forest edge. Parasitoid wasp family richness was not influenced by management system and habitat but varied significantly between trap types. Average wasp abundance varied significantly between management systems. The presence of adjacent forest in both cultivation areas likely contributed to a greater abundance and richness of parasitoid wasps, showing the importance of preserving forest areas near the plantations.

High diversity of bees detected in guarana crop and natural habitat due to the use of combined sampling methods

“…The first sampling point was established outside the crop, more precisely within 50 meters inside the adjacent native vegetation, the second point at the edge of the crop, and the third within the crop. The distance between each collection point was 60 m. At each sampling point, a Malaise trap and four pan-traps were set up, which were arranged around Malaise at a distance of five meters, in a total of six Malaise traps and 24 pan-traps per collection point (sChoeninger et al 2019).…”

Faunistic analysis of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) in Guarana (Paullinia cupana) crop, with new records of genera for the Brazilian Amazon

“…In each experimental area of cultivation, two collection points were selected, which were 60 m apart from each other. At each sampling point, one Malaise (TOWNES, 1972) and four Moericke (MOERICKE, 1951) traps were installed; with water and detergent solution arranged around the Malaise trap, at a distance of 5 m. For more details on the sample design see SCHOENINGER et al (2019).…”

What says the chalcidoid (Hymenoptera) diversity in the Lake Urmia basin?

“…The diversity of parasitoid wasps was studied in conventional and organic guarana (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis) cultivation areas in Brazil (Schoeninger et al, 2019). They found management system and habitat did not affect the richness of parasitic wasps.…”

“…Numerous studies were conducted on species diversity of the Chalcidoidea in the World (Lockwood et al, 1996;Sureshan, 2000;Subharani et al, 2010;Rainosek et al, 2014;Schoeninger et al, 2019) and in Iran (Nazemi et al, 2008;Abolmasoumi et al, 2009;Lotfalizadeh et al, 2014Lotfalizadeh et al, , 2015. For example, Nazemi et al (2008) studied the species richness of oak gall wasps and their associated inquilines and parasitoids.…”