Diversity of metazoan parasites in Colossoma macropomum (Serrasalmidae) from the lower Jari River, a tributary of the Amazonas River in Brazil

Abstract

This study investigated the diversity of metazoan parasites in Colossoma macropomum from the Jari River, in the eastern Amazon, northern Brazil. We collected a total of 4966 parasites from 34 fishes, including monogeneans (Anacanthorus spathulatus, Mymarothecium boegeri, Notozothecium janauachensis and Linguadactyloides brinkmanni), nematodes (Spectatus spectatus larvae, Contracaecum sp. larvae andProcamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus), digeneans (Cladorchiidae metacercariae), acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae), crustaceans (Ergasilus turucuyus, Argulus multicolor, Perulernaea gamitanae and Braga patagonica), mites and leeches. The dominance was of monogenean species, found in the gills of the hosts. The parasites exhibited high aggregate dispersion, except Contracaecum sp. and P. (S.) inopinatus, that showed uniform and random dispersion, respectively. The species richness of parasites varied from 1 to 9, the Brillouin diversity index from 0 to 1.52, evenness from 0 to 0.63 and the Berger-Parker dominance index from 0.39 to 1.00. Abundance of parasites was not influenced by host length, but there was significant correlation with host body weight in some cases. The parasite community was characterized by low species richness and moderate diversity, with a predominance of ectoparasites with high prevalence and abundance, as well as the presence of endoparasites in the larval stage.KEYWORDS: aggregation, diversity, endoparasites, freshwater fish Diversidade de parasitos metazoários em Colossoma macropomum (Serrasalmidae) do baixo Rio Jari, um tributário do Rio Amazonas no Brasil RESUMOEste estudo investigou a diversidade de parasitos metazoários em Colossoma macropomum do Rio Jari, na Amazônia oriental, norte do Brasil. Foram coletados um total de 4.966 parasitos, incluindo monogeneas (Anacanthorus spathulatus, Mymarothecium boegeri, Notozothecium janauachensis e Linguadactyloides brinkmanni), nematoides (larvas de Spectatus spectatus, larvas de Contracaecum sp. eProcamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus), digeneas (metacercárias de Cladorchiidae), acantocéfalos (Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae), crustáceos (Ergasilus turucuyus, Argulus multicolor, Perulernaea gamitanae e Braga patagonica), ácaros e sanguessugas. A dominância foi de espécies de monogeneas, encontradas nas brânquias dos hospedeiros, e houve elevada dispersão agregada dos parasitos, exceto Contracaecum sp., que teve dispersão uniforme e P. (S.) inopinatus, que mostrou dispersão randômica. A riqueza de espécies de parasitos variou de 1 a 9, o índice de diversidade de Brillouin de 0 a 1,52, a uniformidade de 0 a 0,63 e o índice de dominância de Berger-Parker de 0,39 a 1,00. A abundância de parasitos não foi influenciada pelo comprimento dos hospedeiros, mas houve significativa correlação com o peso corporal em alguns casos. A comunidade parasitária foi caracterizada por baixa riqueza de espécies e moderada diversidade, com predominância de ectoparasitos com elevada prevalência e abundância, bem como pela presença de endoparasitos...

Diversity and community ecology of metazoan parasites in Pimelodus ornatus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from the Amazonas River in Brazil

“…In P. ornatus, regarding the host-parasite relationship, there was a positive correlation of the species richness of parasites and Shannon diversity index with the total length of the host, demonstrating that the size of the fish influenced these parameters. Similar findings have been reported for Chaetobranchopsis orbicularis (Steindachner, 1975) (Tavares-Dias & Oliveira, 2017, Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1816 (Gonçalves et al, 2018) and Acestrorhynchus falcirostris (Cuvier, 1819) (Hoshino et al, 2016). Moreover, the body length of P. ornatus also influenced in the abundance of P. (S) inopinatus and Proteocephalidae gen.…”

First report of Artystone trysibia (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) in Caquetaia spectabilis (Cichliformes: Cichlidae)

“…For the Jari River basin, left-bank tributary of the lower Amazon River has been a total of 11 species of crustaceans parasitizing fish are known (see OLIVEIRA et al, 2017a, b;GONÇALVES et al, 2018). However, this is the first record of A. trysibia for fish of this basin.…”

Diversity of metazoan parasites in fish Triportheus angulatus and Triportheus auritus living in sympatry in the Brazilian Amazon

“…Triportheus are freshwater fish of the Triportheidae family and Characiformes order, which contains 19 valid species (Froese & Pauly, 2021), including Triportheus angulatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) and Triportheus auritus (Valenciennes, 1850). Triportheus angulatus is distributed in the Amazon and Essequibo River basins, while T. auritus is more widely distributed, and is found in the Amazon, Essequibo, Tocantins, and Araguaia river basins, and on the Ilha de Trindade (Trindade Island) (Lima et al, 2003;Lasso & Sánchez-Duarte, 2011;Malabarba, 2004;Froese & Pauly, 2021).…”

“…Triportheus are freshwater fish of the Triportheidae family and Characiformes order, which contains 19 valid species (Froese & Pauly, 2021), including Triportheus angulatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) and Triportheus auritus (Valenciennes, 1850). Triportheus angulatus is distributed in the Amazon and Essequibo River basins, while T. auritus is more widely distributed, and is found in the Amazon, Essequibo, Tocantins, and Araguaia river basins, and on the Ilha de Trindade (Trindade Island) (Lima et al, 2003;Lasso & Sánchez-Duarte, 2011;Malabarba, 2004;Froese & Pauly, 2021). Both species are benthopelagic and have omnivorous feeding habits, feeding mainly on insects, fruits, seeds, fragments of fish, plankton and crustaceans (Almeida, 1984;Yamamoto et al, 2004;Lasso & Sánchez-Duarte, 2011;Sá-Oliveira et al, 2014;Rojas et al, 2016;Froese & Pauly, 2021).…”

“…Triportheus angulatus is distributed in the Amazon and Essequibo River basins, while T. auritus is more widely distributed, and is found in the Amazon, Essequibo, Tocantins, and Araguaia river basins, and on the Ilha de Trindade (Trindade Island) (Lima et al, 2003;Lasso & Sánchez-Duarte, 2011;Malabarba, 2004;Froese & Pauly, 2021). Both species are benthopelagic and have omnivorous feeding habits, feeding mainly on insects, fruits, seeds, fragments of fish, plankton and crustaceans (Almeida, 1984;Yamamoto et al, 2004;Lasso & Sánchez-Duarte, 2011;Sá-Oliveira et al, 2014;Rojas et al, 2016;Froese & Pauly, 2021). In general, the reproduction of these fish occurs in the rainy season, when there are lateral migrations to floodplain areas (Santos et al, 1984;Soares et al, 2011;Lasso & Sánchez-Duarte, 2011;Araújo et al, 2012), a favorable environment for fish larvae feeding.…”