Descrição de cultivares locais de feijão-caupi coletados na microrregião Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brasil

Abstract

A distribuição de sementes comerciais ameaça erodir o germoplasma local em regiões tradicionais de plantio de feijões-caupi (Vigna unguiculata). O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as cultivares locais de feijão-caupi da Resex Alto Juruá e da microrregião Cruzeiro do Sul -AC. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos nos anos de 2011 e 2012, em sistema convencional e, em sistema de plantio em aleias, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental adotado nos experimentos foi de blocos ao acaso com nove tratamentos (cultivares), três repetições por tratamento, parcelas de 12 m 2 e espaçamento de 0,45 m entre plantas e linhas. Foram observados vinte caracteres qualitativos e 21 quantitativos. A análise de variância conjunta dos experimentos apresentou contraste significativo para genótipo, sistema de plantio e interação genótipo/sistema de plantio. A característica qualitativa com maior variação entre os genótipos foi subclasse comercial, seguida da cor do grão, pigmentação da vagem imatura, forma do folíolo apical, cor das folhas e curvatura da vagem. O hábito da planta, tendência a enrolar-se ao tutor, fixação da vagem ao pedúnculo e espessura de parede da vagem não apresentaram diferenças. Dos caracteres quantitativos apenas número de dias até 50% das plantas em florescimento e número de lóculos/vagem não diferiram estatisticamente entre cultivares. Os valores médios para comprimento de vagem, comprimento do pedúnculo, número de vagens por pedúnculo e número de vagens por planta foram baixos, entretanto, o germoplasma coletado apresentou características valorizadas como ciclo precoce, arquitetura adequada da planta além da adaptação ao plantio em várzeas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Vigna unguiculata, germoplasma, plantio em várzeas. Description of local cowpea cultivars from the microregion of Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil ABSTRACTLocal varieties of cowpea beans (Vigna unguiculata) are exposed to genetic erosion due to the introduction of commercial seeds. The aim of this study was to describe local germplasm of cowpea beans from Resex Alto Juruá and microrregion of Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil. Two experiments were conducted either using the conventional agricultural system (in 2011), or in an alley cropping system (in 2012). The experimental was a randomized block design with nine treatments (cultivars) and three replicates per treatment. The plots were 12 m 2 in size and rows were 0.45 m apart. Twenty qualitative and 21 quantitative characters were observed. The combined analysis of variance showed significant effects for genotype, agricultural system and for the interaction genotype/agricultural system. The qualitative trait with greater variation among genotypes were the commercial subclass according to the classification adopted by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, followed by grain color, immature pod pigmentation, apical leaflet shape, leaf color and pod curvature. The plant habit, twinning tendency, pod attachment to peduncle and the pod wall thickness did not show differences. Among the quantitative traits, day...

European cowpea landraces for a more sustainable agriculture system and novel foods

“…Specifically, number of pods per plant ranged from one (Fradel at AUA and Vg 67 at UTAD) to 166 (BGE038479 at AUA), with an average of 26.56 pods per plant; seeds per plant ranged from four (Cp5556 at UTAD) to 1454 (BGE038478 at AUA), with an average of 193.56 ( Table 5). The mean number of pods per plant observed in this study, as well as the CV value, was higher than reported by de Souza et al 34 for Brazilian local cultivars and by Oliveira et al 37 Seed weight per plant was also characterized by high variability, ranging from 1 to 255 g. All three traits studied that are related to seed yield production presented high CV values, while CV values for number of pods and seeds per plant were higher than these reported by Ajayi et al 38 for cowpea breeding lines. Hundred-seed weight ranged from to 5 to 33.3 g, with an average of 18.52 g, which was slightly higher than that reported by Perrino et al 39 among cowpea landraces originating from the Mediterranean region.…”

“…The mean number of pods per plant observed in this study, as well as the CV value, was higher than reported by de Souza et al . for Brazilian local cultivars and by Oliveira et al . Seed weight per plant was also characterized by high variability, ranging from 1 to 255 g. All three traits studied that are related to seed yield production presented high CV values, while CV values for number of pods and seeds per plant were higher than these reported by Ajayi et al .…”

Phenotypic diversity and evaluation of fresh pods of cowpea landraces from Southern Europe

“…‐ gr. originating from countries around the Mediterranean Basin, whereas variability has been also previously reported by Oliveira et al ., among Brazilian landraces.…”

“…Similar values for pod length and number of locules per pod have been reported previously for landraces belonging to three cowpea cv.gr. originating from countries around the Mediterranean Basin, 13 whereas variability has been also previously reported by Oliveira et al, 32 among Brazilian landraces.…”

Impacts of Residual Phosphorus on the Production of Cowpea in the Cerrado Region

“…For the length of pods (LP) the dose of 60 kg·ha −1 of P 2 O 5 promoted higher results, but did not differ from the other treatments, except the control. The treatments presented pods with a length between 21.61 cm and 24.32 cm, within commercial standards that is above 20 cm [23]. On the other hand, the number of pods per plant (NPP) ranging from 4.98 to 2.85 is considered to be out of the species standards, which is at least twenty pods per plant [24].…”