Macrofauna do solo em uma cronosequência de capoeiras, florestas e pastos no Centro de Endemismo Belém, Amazônia Oriental

Abstract

* Autor correspondente: guilirous@yahoo.ca RESUMO O Centro de Endemismo Belém (CEB) -região biogeográfica localizada entre os rios Tocantins e Pindaré-é a área mais desmatada da Amazônia. Estudar a biota do solo dos remanescentes florestais e de áreas em regeneração (capoeiras) do CEB é fundamental para promover práticas agrícolas mais sustentáveis e orientar ações de restauração de áreas degradadas. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi identificar os principais determinantes da composição e da diversidade dos grandes táxons de macrofauna do solo (uso atual do solo, núcleos geográficos, histórico de uso, freqüência de fogo) em uma cronoseqüência de capoeiras e florestas no CEB. A macrofauna foi amostrada em oito áreas de capoeiras baixas (4-7 anos), seis áreas de capoeiras médias (11-15 anos), sete áreas de capoeiras altas (20-40 anos), oito áreas de remanescentes de florestas e três áreas de pastagem. Sua composição e diversidade foi estudada através de Análises de Componentes Principais e Entre-classes. Um total de 9.225 indivíduos pertencentes a 29 grandes taxóns (ordens ou famílias) foram coletados nas 32 parcelas amostradas. A composição da macrofauna se mostrou sensível ao efeito do histórico de uso do solo e identificou comunidades significativamente distintas entre as micro-regiões, havendo nessa escala efeito da cronosequência de capoeiras e florestas. A intensidade do uso do solo levou a redução da abundância e da riqueza de predadores, indicando alterações significativas no funcionamento do solo. Esses resultados mostram um efeito duradouro da degradação sobre a macrofauna do solo e conseqüentemente sobre suas funções ecológicas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Bioindicador, Restauração, Manejo do solo, Invertebrados. Soil macrofauna in a chronosequence of fallows, old-growth forests and pastures in the Belém Endemism Center, Eastern Amazon ABSTRACTThe Belém Endemism Center (CEB; the biogeographic region located between the Tocantins and Pindaré rivers) is the most deforested area of the Amazon. To study the soil biota of the remaining old-growth and second-growth forests is essential to promote more sustainable farming practices, and provide orientation for degraded land restoration. The aim of this study was to identify the main determinants of the composition and diversity of major taxa of soil macrofauna (current soil use, geographic centers, soil use history, fire frequency) in a chronosequence of fallows and forests in the CEB. Macrofauna was sampled in eight sites of young secondary forests (4-7 y), six sites of medium secondary forests (11-15 y), seven sites of "old" secondary forests (20-40 y), eight sites of old-growth forest remnants and three sites of pastures. Its composition and diversity were analysed through Principal Component and Between-class Analyses. A total of 9.225 individuals from 29 major taxa (orders or families) were collected in the 32 plots. Soil macrofauna composition was very sensitive to soil use history and identified different communities among geographic centers. The intensity o...

Effects of Natural Atlantic Forest Regeneration on Soil Fauna, Brazil

“…In contrast to the present study, Negrete-Yankelevich et al (2007), Menezes et al (2009), Camara et al (2012, Rousseau et al (2014), andMachado et al (2015) reported the increased abundance of Araneae, Coleoptera, and Dermaptera as the stage of tropical forest regeneration progressed. In relation to Formicidae, the abundance of this group was favored in both less (Menezes et al, 2009;Camara et al, 2012) and more advanced stages of tropical forest regeneration (Machado et al, 2015).…”

“…Most of the individuals that represent Formicidae are usually restricted to the nest and thus any method of soil fauna sampling tends to underestimate the population density values for this group (Correia & Oliveira, 2000). Despite this, Formicidae is often one of the most abundant soil taxonomic groups in different forest ecosystems (Moço et al, 2005;Copatti & Daudt, 2009;Menezes et al, 2009;Morais et al, 2010;Rousseau et al, 2014), regardless the soil fauna sampling method (Sabu & Shiju, 2009). …”

“…Our results corroborated this fact only in relation to the total abundance. The higher complexity of the soil fauna community is a consequence of the higher structure of the plant community in advanced stages of natural forest regeneration, in comparison with initial stages of tropical forest regeneration (Negrete-Yankelevich et al, 2007;Menezes et al, 2009;Camara et al, 2012;Szinwelski et al, 2012;Rousseau et al, 2014;Machado et al, 2015). However, in terms of the effect of the natural forest regeneration stage on evenness and diversity of soil fauna community, the literature presented divergent data.…”

“…According to some authors, abundance, richness and diversity of soil fauna increases, as secondary succession in tropical forest ecosystems advances (Barberena-Arias & Aide, 2003;Negrete-Yankelevich et al, 2007;Morais et al, 2010;Menezes et al, 2009;Camara et al, 2012;Szinwelski et al, 2012;Rousseau et al, 2014;Machado et al, 2015). Additionally, the predators and saprophagous are both functional groups that are somehow favored in areas undergoing more advanced stages of forest regeneration (Menezes et al, 2009;Camara et al, 2012;Rousseau et al, 2014;Machado et al, 2015).…”

“…Additionally, the predators and saprophagous are both functional groups that are somehow favored in areas undergoing more advanced stages of forest regeneration (Menezes et al, 2009;Camara et al, 2012;Rousseau et al, 2014;Machado et al, 2015). However, there are divergent results in terms of Formicidae.…”