Regeneração natural de pupunha (Bactris gasipaes)

Abstract

A pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Η. Β. Κ., Palmae) é uma espécie domesticada (Clement, 1987(Clement, , 1980. Outros autores consideram que esta espécie é uma cultigen, que ocorre so mente onde o homem a tem plantado e, tão ou mais importante, cultivado (Ducke, 19^6; Ba_ tes, 1962;Schultes, 1979, 198*0. Harlan (1975

Maintaining Genetic Resources of Peach Palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth): The Role of Seed Migration and Swidden-fallow Management in Northeastern Peru

“…For instance, the indigenous farmers of the Yahuasyacu River in Peru have been known to manage their swiddens and fallows for the long term growth of fruit trees by weeding out competing secondary vegetation, with fallowing periods usually lasting no longer than 20 years (Denevan and Treacy 1987). This period of time is short enough to prevent the complete extinction of peach palms planted during previously cultivated swiddens, as shown by Clement (1990). Older palms that are able to compete and persist in fallows survive subsequent forest clearings and the burning of slash by sprouting up from their bases, a trait characteristic of peach palm.…”

“…However, as competition for light and nutrients increases, fruit yields of older palms in forest fallow decline compared to younger palms in swidden clearings (Clement 1990); thus, it appears to be custom with some farmers to neglect the older palms and allow them to perish. On the other hand, for Amazonian indigenous cultures remnant peach palms provide a sense of generational continuity and play an important role in revisiting memories of the ancestors who planted them.…”

Method and Theory of Early Farming: The Orinoco and Caribbean Coasts of South America

“…People also eat a wide range of fruits from trees and palm, which are for the most part native species that are managed, cultivated, and disseminated by people but that are not domesticated species in the strict sense of the term. Peach palm stands out among all these as a species whose groves do not flourish nowadays without human management (Clement, 1990;Mora-Urpi, Weber, & Clement, 1997;Politis, 2009). Only in the more distant indigenous communities do people get much of their plant food from palms, though, especially peach palm and other orchard trees (e.g., Politis, 2009;Smole, 1976).…”

Forest products, livelihoods and conservation: case studies of non-timber forest product systems. volume 3 - Latin America

“…Deforestation is generally followed by the swidden/fallow sequence, with numerous variations, where the presence of pupunha and other perennials is an advantage, as they prolong the useful life of the swidden and even of the fallow (Denevan & Padoch 1987). During the final phase of abandonment, pupunha disappears from the fallow (Clement 1990). As alluded to above, as an underutilized fruit crop pupunha is not as important as it once was in the subsistence production system nor is it well represented in the market production system.…”